Major: Scratch 2.0: Cultivating Creativity and Collaboration in the Cloud

专业：Scratch 2.0：在云端培养创造力和协作

• 批准号: 1002713
• 负责人: Mitchel Resnick
• 金额: $ 79.82万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1002713&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Major; Scratch; 2.0; Cultivating; Creativity

Major: Scratch 2.0: Cultivating Creativity and Collaboration in the CloudInvestigators from the MIT Media Lab will develop and study a new generation of the Scratch programming platform, designed to help young people learn to think creatively, reason systematically, and work collaboratively -- essential skills for success in the 21st century. With Scratch, young people (ages 8 and up) can program their own interactive stories, games, animations, and simulations, then share their creations with others online. Young people around the world have already shared more than 1 million projects on the Scratch community website (http://scratch.mit.edu). The new generation, called Scratch 2.0, will be fully integrated into the Internet, so that young people can more seamlessly share and collaborate on projects, access online data, and program interactions with social media.The research is divided into two strands:-Technological infrastructure for creative collaboration. With Scratch 2.0, people will be able to design and program new types of web-based interactions and services. For example, they will be able to program interactions with social-media websites (such as Facebook), create visualizations with online data, and program their own collaborative applications.-Design experiments for creative collaboration. As the team develops Scratch 2.0, they will run online experiments to study how their design decisions influence the ways in which people collaborate on creative projects, as well as their attitudes towards collaboration.This work builds on a previous NSF grant (ITR-0325828) that supported the development of Scratch. Since its public launch in 2007, Scratch has become a vibrant online community, in which young people program and share interactive stories, games, animations, and simulations - and, in the process, learn important computational concepts and strategies for designing, problem solving, and collaborating. Each day, members of the Scratch community upload nearly 1500 new Scratch projects to the website - on average, a new project almost every minute.In developing Scratch 2.0, the team will focus on two questions from the NSF Program Solicitation:-Will the research lead to the development of new technologies to support human creativity?-Will the research lead to innovative educational approaches in computer science, science, or engineering that reward creativity?Intellectual Merit. The intellectual merit of the project is based on its study of how new technologies can foster creativity and collaboration. The investigators will conduct design experiments to examine how new features of Scratch 2.0 engage young people in new forms of creative expression, collaboration, learning, and metadesign. Young people are already interacting with many cloud-based services (such as YouTube and Facebook). But Scratch 2.0 is fundamentally different in that it aims to engage people in programming their own projects and activities in the cloud. With Scratch 2.0, young people won?t just interact with the cloud, they will create in the cloud. The goal is to democratize the development of cloud-based activities, so that everyone can become an active contributor to the cloud, not just a consumer of cloud-based services. This development and study of Scratch 2.0 will lead to new insights into strategies for engaging young people in activities that cultivate collaboration and creativity. Broader Impacts. The broader impact of the project is based on its ability to broaden participation in programming and computer science. The current version of Scratch has already helped attract a broader diversity of students to computer science compared to other programming platforms. The investigators expect that the collaboration and social-media features of Scratch 2.0 will resonate with the interests of today's youth and further broaden participation. Integration of Scratch into the introductory computer science course at Harvard led to a sharp reduction in the number of students dropping the course, and an increase in the retention of female students. There have been similar results in pre-college courses. The National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT) calls Scratch a ?promising practice? for increasing gender diversity in IT.

专业：Scratch 2.0：在MIT媒体实验室的CloudInvestigators中培养创造力和协作将开发和研究新一代的Scratch编程平台，旨在帮助年轻人学习创造性地思考，系统地进行理性和协作 - 在21世纪取得成功的基本技能。有了划痕，年轻人（8岁及以上）可以编程自己的互动故事，游戏，动画和模拟，然后与在线其他人分享他们的创作。世界各地的年轻人已经在Scratch社区网站（http://scratch.mit.edu）上共享了超过100万个项目。新一代称为Scratch 2.0，将完全集成到互联网上，以便年轻人可以在项目，访问在线数据和与社交媒体的项目交互中进行更无缝的共享和协作。研究分为两条链： - 技术基础架构以进行创造性的协作。使用Scratch 2.0，人们将能够设计和编程新型的基于Web的交互和服务。例如，他们将能够与社交媒体网站（例如Facebook）进行编程，使用在线数据创建可视化，并为自己的协作应用程序进行编程。设计实验以进行创意协作。随着团队开发Scratch 2.0的发展，他们将进行在线实验，以研究他们的设计决策如何影响人们在创意项目上进行协作的方式，以及他们对协作的态度。这项工作基于以前的NSF赠款（ITR-0325828）支持Scratch的发展。自2007年公开推出以来，Scratch已成为一个充满活力的在线社区，在该社区中，年轻人计划并共享互动故事，游戏，动画和仿真 - 在此过程中，学习了设计，解决问题和协作的重要计算概念和策略。 Scratch社区的成员每天都将近1500个新的刮擦项目上传到网站 - 平均而言，几乎每分钟每分钟一个新项目。在开发Scratch 2.0时，团队将重点关注NSF计划的两个问题： - 研究将导致新技术发展以支持人类创造力的新技术？ - 将带来创新的教育程度，从而在计算机科学上获得创造性的创造性，或者创造了工程学，这是奖励创造性的吗？该项目的智力优点是基于对新技术如何促进创造力和协作的研究。调查人员将进行设计实验，以研究Scratch 2.0的新功能如何使年轻人以新形式的创造性表达，协作，学习和Metadesign与年轻人吸引。年轻人已经与许多基于云的服务（例如YouTube和Facebook）进行互动。但是Scratch 2.0在根本上有所不同，因为它旨在让人们在云中编程自己的项目和活动。有了Scratch 2.0，年轻人就不会与云互动，他们将在云中创造。目的是使基于云的活动的发展民主化，以便每个人都可以积极地成为云的积极贡献者，而不仅仅是基于云服务的消费者。 Scratch 2.0的这种发展和研究将导致对吸引年轻人参与培养协作和创造力的活动的策略的新见解。更广泛的影响。该项目的更广泛影响是基于扩大参与编程和计算机科学的能力。与其他编程平台相比，当前版本的Scratch已经帮助吸引了更多的计算机科学学生。调查人员预计，Scratch 2.0的合作和社交媒体特征将与当今青年的利益产生共鸣，并进一步扩大参与。将SCRATCH整合到哈佛大学的计算机科学课程中，导致降低课程的学生人数急剧减少，并增加了女学生的保留。大学前课程的结果相似。国家妇女与信息技术中心（NCWIT）称划痕为有前途的实践？为了增加性别多样性。