MSM Collaborative Research: Agricultural expansion in the Brazilian Amazon and its influence on the water, energy, and climate cycles

MSM 合作研究：巴西亚马逊地区的农业扩张及其对水、能源和气候循环的影响

• 批准号: 0949370
• 负责人: Christopher Neill
• 金额: $ 33.7万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0949370&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MSM; Collaborative; Research; Agricultural; expansion

The Amazon has suffered extensive deforestation in recent years as a result of a large increase in global demand for beef and soy. Deforestation changes groundwater and stream flow in both small and large river basins and, in the future, may cause a hotter and drier climate in the Amazon. How much the water resources of the Amazon have already changed, as well as how much they may change in the future is not known. This project addresses the consequences of agricultural expansion, and that lack of knowledge, on the water resources of the Amazon by combining data collection and computer models. Stream flow and climate data will be gathered in 23 watersheds in evergreen forest, savanna, pasture, and soy environments to understand the effects of deforestation on the local water and energy balance. The data will be used with existing computer models to provide a large-scale analysis of the effects of past and future deforestation on the energy and water cycles of the Amazon. Farmers, policymakers, educators, students, and the public will have opportunities to learn about the effects of land use change as a result of this project. Data generated and lessons learned will be used to develop stream health measures that can be applied on an existing network of properties covering more than 1.8 million hectares (4.5 million acres), in Brazil. The project will provide direct financial and technical support to at least four PhD students in the US and Brazil, as well as master?s and undergraduate students from the State University of Mato Grosso at Nova Xavantina. The work will also support and expand an influential teacher educational program in Mato Grosso, Brazil, strengthening science education ties between middle schools in Mato Grosso, Brazil, and Falmouth, MA. It will also send two science journalists each year to Brazil for hands-on training.

由于全球对牛肉和大豆的需求大大增加，亚马逊近年来遭受了广泛的森林砍伐。森林砍伐会改变地下水和大型河流盆地的地下水和溪流流，将来可能会导致亚马逊的气候更炎热，更干燥。亚马逊的水资源已经改变了多少，以及未来可能会改变多少。该项目通过结合数据收集和计算机模型来解决农业扩张的后果以及缺乏知识对亚马逊水资源的后果。流流和气候数据将收集在常绿森林，稀树草原，牧场和大豆环境的23个流域中，以了解森林砍伐对当地水和能量平衡的影响。数据将与现有的计算机模型一起使用，以大规模分析过去和将来的森林砍伐对亚马逊的能量和水周期的影响。农民，政策制定者，教育工作者，学生和公众将有机会了解该项目的土地利用变化的影响。生成的数据和经验教训将用于制定流媒体健康措施，这些措施可应用于巴西的现有物业网络，该网络覆盖了180万公顷（450万英亩）。该项目将为美国和巴西的至少四个博士学位学生提供直接的财务和技术支持，以及来自Nova Xavantina州Mato Grosso州立大学的硕士和本科生。这项工作还将支持和扩大巴西Mato Grosso的有影响力的教师教育计划，加强巴西Mato Grosso中学和马萨诸塞州法尔茅斯之间的中学之间的科学教育关系。每年还将派两名科学记者前往巴西进行动手培训。