Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program

合作研究：南极自动气象站计划

• 批准号: 0943952
• 负责人: John Cassano
• 金额: $ 25.56万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0943952&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Antarctic; Automatic; Weather

The Antarctic Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network, first commenced in 1978, is the most extensive meteorological observing system on the Antarctic continent, approaching its 30th year at many of its key sites. Its prime focus as a long term observational record is vital to the measurement of the near surface climatology of the Antarctic atmosphere. AWS units measure air-temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction at a nominal surface height of 3m. Other parameters such as relative humidity and snow accumulation may also be taken. Observational data from the AWS are collected via the DCS Argos system aboard either NOAA or MetOp polar orbiting satellites and thus made available globally, in near real time via the GTS (Global Telecommunications System), to operational and synoptic weather forecasters. The surface observations from the AWS network also are often used to check on satellite and remote sensing observations, and the simulations of Global Climate Models (GCMs). Research instances of its use in this project include continued development of the climatology of the Antarctic atmosphere and surface wind studies of the Ross Ice Shelf. The AWS observations benefit the broader earth system science community, supporting research activities ranging from paleoclimate studies to penguin phenology.

南极自动气象站 (AWS) 网络于 1978 年首次启动，是南极大陆最广泛的气象观测系统，许多关键站点已进入 30 周年。其主要重点是长期观测记录，对于测量南极大气近地表气候至关重要。 AWS 装置可测量 3m 标称表面高度处的气温、压力、风速和风向。还可以获取其他参数，例如相对湿度和积雪。 AWS 的观测数据通过 NOAA 或 MetOp 极轨卫星上的 DCS Argos 系统收集，从而通过 GTS（全球电信系统）近乎实时地在全球范围内提供给运营和天气天气预报员。 AWS 网络的地表观测也经常用于检查卫星和遥感观测以及全球气候模型 (GCM) 的模拟。该项目中使用其的研究实例包括南极大气气候学的持续发展和罗斯冰架的表面风研究。 AWS 观测有利于更广泛的地球系统科学界，支持从古气候研究到企鹅物候学等研究活动。