Collaborative Research: Evolutionary dynamics of invasion and escape in hierarchical systems

合作研究：等级系统中入侵和逃逸的进化动力学

• 批准号: 0928987
• 负责人: Sebastian Schreiber
• 金额: $ 19.64万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0928987&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Evolutionary; dynamics; invasion

When life forms invade new habitats or experience sudden environmental changes, they can find themselves in a race between adapting to the new conditions or going extinct. Particular challenges can arise from the hierarchical organization of life: evolutionary changes that help an organism at one scale of biological organization may hurt it at another. For example, faster reproduction of viruses within a host may cause rapid death and hence reduce transmission to other hosts. This project will develop new theory for evolutionary escape with an emphasis on adaptation across multiple scales. The research will focus on emerging viruses such as influenza or HIV, and will develop a framework to understand why some viruses go extinct after they jump into humans from their animal reservoirs, while others adapt to human hosts and start pandemics. The results will also be applicable to problems ranging from antibiotic-resistant bacteria to tumor growth to pesticide-resistant weeds or insects. Beyond its applications to important problems such as pathogen emergence and cancer, this project will have many direct benefits to society. Undergraduate students from under-represented groups will gain research experience through summer internships and term projects. Graduate and postdoctoral students will receive inter-disciplinary training and career mentorship. Concepts from this project will be incorporated into several new undergraduate courses and into a textbook on calculus and modeling in the life sciences. Graduate students in Africa will be taught and mentored in short-courses and associated research projects. Finally, insights into viral evolution will be shared with public health researchers and policy-makers via existing collaborations and participation in NIH-sponsored infectious disease working groups.

当生命形式入侵新的栖息地或经历突然的环境变化时，他们会发现自己在适应新条件或灭绝之间的竞赛中。 生命的等级组织可能会引起特殊的挑战：在一个规模上有机体的进化变化可能会在另一个生物组织中伤害它。 例如，宿主内病毒的更快繁殖可能会导致快速死亡，从而减少向其他宿主的传播。 该项目将开发新的理论，用于进化逃生，重点是跨多个尺度的适应。 这项研究将重点放在流感或艾滋病毒等新兴病毒上，并将开发一个框架，以了解某些病毒从动物储层中跳入人类后灭绝的原因，而另一些病毒则适应人类宿主并开始大流行。 该结果还适用于从抗生素耐药细菌到肿瘤生长到耐农药杂草或昆虫的问题。 除了对病原体出现和癌症等重要问题的应用外，该项目还将为社会带来许多直接利益。 来自代表性不足小组的本科生将通过暑期实习和学期项目获得研究经验。 研究生和博士后学生将获得跨学科的培训和职业指导。 该项目的概念将被纳入几个新的本科课程中，并将其纳入一本关于生命科学中的微积分和建模的教科书。 非洲的研究生将在短幕和相关的研究项目中教授和指导。 最后，对病毒进化的见解将通过现有合作和参与NIH赞助的传染病工作组与公共卫生研究人员和决策者共享。