BRIGE: Time-resolved Surface Damping in Nanoscale Resonators for Monitoring of Biological/Chemical Reactions

BRIGE：纳米级谐振器中的时间分辨表面阻尼，用于监测生物/化学反应

• 批准号: 0926228
• 负责人: Robert Candler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0926228&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BRIGE; Time; resolved; Surface; Damping

BRIGE: Time-Resolved Surface Damping in Nanoscale Resonators for Monitoring of Biological/Chemical ReactionsThe fundamental investigation of energy dissipation from surface forces (i.e., surface dissipation) in nanomechanical resonators is proposed, especially in regards to how it may be used to detect and study biological or chemical reactions. In the past decade, micro- and nano-mechanical resonators have been thoroughly studied for use as chemical and biological sensors by detecting mass-induced change of resonant frequency that results from specific reactions. However, the dissipation of vibrational energy due to surface forces, one reason that resonators eventually "ring down," has until now not been utilized as a sensing mechanism. Previous work demonstrated that surface forces can have a more powerful effect on surface dissipation than on resonant frequency, opening up the possibility that surface dissipation could be used as a new sensing metric for resonating biological or chemical sensors. The parameter quality factor (Q) is a measure of energy dissipation in resonators, with energy lost to surface forces (Qsurface) being the particular loss mechanism of interest in this work. Toward this end, three objectives will be pursued: 1) Fabrication of resonators with Qsurface as the limiting energy dissipation mechanism, 2) Measurement of Qsurface dependence on different gases, and 3) Tracking the change of Qsurface over time to determine if temporal information about Qsurface can give insight into the occurrence or progress of biological or chemical reactions. The intellectual merit of the proposed work is as follows: First, a fundamental question - "Why do resonators not ring forever?" - will be addressed. While some forms of energy dissipation (e.g., air damping) are reasonably well understood, others remain elusive. Surface dissipation is especially difficult to understand, because its dependence on a high surface-to-volume ratio makes it difficult to see above the nanoscale. Next, the use of Qsurface as a new tool for measuring the occurrence or progress of chemical or biological reactions will be explored, revealing insight into surface forces that would not be measureable with a purely mass-induced frequency-shift method. Finally, the use of time-resolved measurements will be investigated to reveal differences between chemical or biological reactions that occur during the reaction process, as opposed to looking at only the before-and-after snapshot views.This work will have broader impact in several ways. In engineering, the use of surface dissipation could allow for a new platform for measuring biological and chemical reactions. The time-resolution of these measurements could lead to discovery of surface force-related phenomena during these reactions. In education, this program will enable four undergraduate students from underrepresented groups to each receive one year of research training. This will prepare these students to be the technical leaders and role models for the next generation of engineers. The undergraduate researchers will serve as role models and mentors to high school students by teaching them about how engineering benefits society.

BRIGE：纳米级谐振器中的时间分辨表面阻尼监测生物/化学反应的基本研究纳米力学谐振器中表面力（即表面耗散）的基本研究提出了如何用于检测和研究生物学或化学反应的方式。 在过去的十年中，通过检测质量引起的谐振频率的变化，这是由特定反应引起的，对微力和纳米机械谐振器进行了彻底研究，以作为化学和生物传感器。 然而，由于表面力引起的振动能量的耗散，这是谐振器最终“响起”的原因，直到现在尚未被用作感应机制。 先前的工作表明，表面力对表面耗散的作用比对共振频率具有更强大的作用，这使表面耗散可以用作谐音生物学或化学传感器的新传感度量。 参数质量因子（Q）是谐振器中能量耗散的量度，而能量损失了表面力（Qsurface）是这项工作中感兴趣的特定损失机制。 为此，将实现三个目标：1）用QSurface作为限制能量耗散机制的谐振器的制造，2）测量Qsurface依赖于不同气体的Qsurface依赖性，3）跟踪Qsurface随时间的变化以确定有关QSurface的时间信息是否可以使有关生物学或化学反应的发生的时间信息是否可以使QSURFACE的变化能够洞悉生物或化学反应。拟议作品的智力优点如下：首先，一个基本问题：“谐振器为什么不永远响起？” - 将被解决。 尽管某些形式的能量耗散（例如，空气阻尼）是相当理解的，但其他形式仍然难以捉摸。 表面耗散尤其难以理解，因为它对高表面与体积比率的依赖性使得难以在纳米级上方看到。 接下来，将探索将QSurface用作测量化学或生物反应的发生或进展的新工具，从而揭示了对表面力的洞察力，而这种力是通过纯粹质量诱导的频率转移方法无法测量的。 最后，将研究使用时间分辨的测量结果，以揭示反应过程中发生的化学或生物反应之间的差异，而不是仅查看前后的快照视图。这项工作将以多种方式产生更大的影响。 在工程中，表面耗散的使用可以允许一个新的平台来测量生物学和化学反应。 这些测量值的时间分辨率可能导致在这些反应过程中发现与表面力相关的现象。 在教育方面，该计划将使来自代表性不足的小组的四名本科生能够接受一年的研究培训。 这将使这些学生成为下一代工程师的技术领导者和榜样。 本科研究人员将通过向高中生的榜样和指导者进行教导，以教导他们如何使社会受益。