Microphysical and Kinematic Storm Properties Affecting Electrification and Lightning Production

影响电气化和闪电产生的微物理和运动风暴特性

• 批准号: 0924621
• 负责人: Donald MacGorman
• 金额: $ 52.16万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0924621&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Microphysical; Kinematic; Storm; Properties; Affecting

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)."Intellectual Merit: Under this award the Principal Investigator (PI) will continue investigating how microphysics and kinematics affect storm electrification and lightning production by using lightning mapping, electric field, radar, and other storm observations acquired in Oklahoma since 2003. The Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array, the local National Weather Service 11-cm polarimetric radar, and a rapid-scanning 10 cm phased array radar have operated for several years. During the Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment (TELEX) 2003 and 2004 and on other occasions since then, additional observations, including in situ storm soundings of the electric field, environmental soundings, and mobile 5-cm wavelength dual Doppler radar data, also were collected for select cases. These cases include various types of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), supercell storms, and other isolated storms. The PI will focus analysis on two broad topics: 1. Analyze the microphysical and kinematic conditions inferred from polarimetric radar in regions surrounding where lightning is initiated, to provide clues concerning electrification mechanisms and the processes responsible for producing electric field magnitudes large enough to initiate lightning. Besides analyzing the microphysical conditions surrounding regions of initiation in typical storms and in storms with inverted polarity electrical structure, the PI will analyze cases in which lightning is initiated in anvils 50-100 km downshear from the main body of the storm and cases with steady rates of 1-4 VHF sources per second in the overshooting tops of strong isolated storms. These behaviors have been observed only recently and little is known about their characteristics and the cause of their occurrence. 2. Analyze how lightning in the stratiform precipitation region of MCSs is affected by variations in the kinematics and microphysics of systems having different modes of organization. Thus far, all published studies of in-cloud lightning structure in the stratiform region have examined leading-line, trailing-stratiform MCSs. The PI plans to analyze strongly asymmetric MCSs having a northern stratiform region formed by a mesovortex and to analyze systems with other forms of organization, to ascertain the effect of the mode of organization on lightning and charge structure. One would expect, for example, that asymmetric MCSs, which often have weaker convective cells to their north, would tend to have less lightning in the stratiform region, and that a strong mesovortex would be reflected in the structure of any lightning in the stratiform region. Data for both asymmetric and complex MCSs are ready for analysis. Broader Impacts: This project will provide research experience for three graduate students and two undergraduate students. The participation of females and under-represented minorities will be encouraged. Field programs are planned in Oklahoma during the period in which students will have the opportunity to participate and to learn skills involved in making storm observations. Much of the knowledge gained from the research will help efforts to develop applications of lightning data for weather operations, in preparation for the launch of an optical lightning mapper on the GOES-R satellite.

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)."Intellectual Merit: Under this award the Principal Investigator (PI) will continue investigating how microphysics and kinematics affect storm electrification and lightning production by using lightning mapping, electric field, radar, and other storm observations acquired in Oklahoma since 2003. The Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array, the local National Weather Service 11厘米的极化雷达和迅速扫描的10厘米阶段阵列雷达已经运行了几年。 在此之后，在此之后的其他情况下，还收集了其他观察结果，此后在其他情况下，还收集了其他观察结果，包括电场的原位风暴声音，环境声音和移动5-CM波长双重多普勒雷达数据，也收集在某些情况下。 这些病例包括各种类型的中尺度对流系统（MCS），超级电池风暴和其他孤立的风暴。 PI将重点分析两个广泛的主题：1。分析启动雷电的区域中偏振雷达所推论的微物理和运动条件，以提供有关电气化机制的线索以及负责产生电场的过程，从而产生了足够大的电场，以发起闪电。 除了分析典型暴风雨中启动区域的微物理条件外，在具有倒置极性电气结构的暴风雨中，PI还将分析在暴风雨主体50-100 km降落的Anvils下启动闪电的情况下，从暴风雨的主体和稳定速度稳定的VHF速度为1-4个VHF次数的隔离率为每秒的高度隔离率高。 这些行为只是最近才观察到的，对它们的特征和发生的原因知之甚少。 2。分析MCSS层状降水区域的闪电如何受到具有不同组织模式的系统的运动学和微物理学的变化。 到目前为止，所有关于层状区域内云内闪电结构的研究都检查了前线，尾形的MCSS。 PI计划分析具有北层层状区域的强烈不对称MCS，并用中交流形成北层区域，并用其他形式的组织分析系统，以确定组织模式对闪电和电荷结构的影响。 例如，人们会期望的是，不对称的MCS在其北部通常具有较弱的对流细胞，在层状区域的闪电较少，并且在地层区域的任何闪电结构中都会反映出强的中层。不对称和复杂MCS的数据已准备好进行分析。更广泛的影响：该项目将为三个研究生和两名本科生提供研究经验。 鼓励女性和代表性不足的少数民族的参与。 在俄克拉荷马州计划在学生有机会参与和学习参与风暴观察的技能的期间，计划进行现场计划。 从研究中获得的许多知识将有助于努力开发用于天气操作的闪电数据的应用，以准备在Goes-R卫星上推出光学闪电映射器。