Approach Motivation, Anger & Positive Affects

接近动机、愤怒

• 批准号: 0921565
• 负责人: Eddie Harmon-Jones
• 金额: $ 46.76万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-10-01 至 2012-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0921565&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Approach; Motivation; Anger; & Positive

Several existing theories of emotion and motivation assume that positive emotion is consistently associated with approach motivation (the urge to move toward the environment) and that negative emotion is consistently associated with withdrawal motivation (the urge to move away from the environment). Recent research on the negative emotion of anger has revealed that it is associated with approach rather than withdrawal motivation, highlighting the importance of considering motivational direction (approach vs. withdrawal) as a separate dimension from valence (positive vs. negative). This suggests the possibility that anger, although negative, may have important associations with certain types of positive emotions, because of their underlying associations with approach motivation. The proposed research will investigate how anger and approach-oriented positive emotion influence each other, and specifically test the novel, counterintuitive hypothesis that positive emotion high in approach motivation may increase anger responses. Experiments will be conducted to examine the effect of positive emotions that differ in approach motivational intensity on anger responses. Additional experiments will examine facial/body expressions of approach-oriented positive emotions and how they relate to facial/body expressions of anger. In the proposed experiments, emotions will be evoked in the laboratory and multiple system measurements of the physiological, behavioral, and subjective features of emotion will be taken.  The research will extend the understanding of the structure and function of emotions, and provide a more detailed understanding of the interplay between emotion, cognition, and behavior. The results of the proposed research will yield a more complete understanding of how certain positive emotions may increase anger and aggression, whereas other positive emotions may decrease anger and aggression. The increased understanding gained by the proposed research will assist in what therapists, educators, and educated lay persons learn and advise or use when applying research on positive emotions to life tasks and relationships.

假设积极情绪一直与进场动机（向环境发展的冲动）保持联系，并且负面情绪与撤回动机（远离环境的冲动）一致地相关联，那么情绪和动机的现有理论一直与动机（向环境发展的冲动）相关联。关于愤怒的负面情绪的最新研究表明，它与方法而不是撤回动机有关，强调将动机方向（方法与撤回）视为与价的单独维度（正面与负面）的重要性。这表明愤怒虽然是负面的，但由于它们与进近动机的潜在关联，但愤怒可能与某些类型的积极情绪有重要关联。拟议的研究将调查愤怒和面向接近的积极情绪如何相互影响，并专门检验了小说的违反直觉假设，即在进场动机上高积极情绪可能会增加愤怒的反应。将进行实验，以检查积极情绪的影响，即动机强度对愤怒反应的影响。其他实验将研究面向接近的积极情绪的面部/身体表达，以及它们如何与愤怒的面部/身体表达相关。在拟议的实验中，将在实验室中引起情绪，并将采取多个系统测量情绪的测量。该研究将扩展对情绪结构和功能的理解，并对情绪，认知和行为之间的相互作用提供更详细的理解。拟议的研究的结果将对某些积极情绪如何增加愤怒和侵略性的方式有更完整的了解，而其他积极的情绪可能会降低愤怒和侵略性。拟议的研究所获得的了解将有助于治疗师，教育工作者和受过教育的外行人在将积极情绪的研究应用于生活任务和人际关系时学习，建议或使用。