Rapid Response Monitoring of Wildfire Impact on Partitioning of Infiltration and Runoff: The 2003 Aspen Fire in Sabino Canyon, Arizona

快速响应监测野火对渗透和径流分区的影响：2003 年亚利桑那州萨比诺峡谷的阿斯彭火灾

• 批准号: 0342831
• 负责人: Bart Nijssen
• 金额: $ 9.37万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0342831&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rapid; Response; Monitoring; Wildfire; Impact

Nijssen0342831In the Southwest, severe fires can destroy as much as 90% of the vegetation and litter cover. Exposed, burned soils are highly vulnerable to intense monsoon rains, leading to increases in surface runoff, peak flows, and erosion rate. These drastic physical and chemical hydrologic changes negatively impact aquatic habitats and endanger human lives and property. The Aspen Fire in the Coronado National Forest north of Tucson has burned in excess of 40,000 acres and destroyed more than 300 structures. This tragic fire offers a unique opportunity to monitor post- fire soil and water conditions in the well-studied Sabino Creek basin. The effects of fire at this point scale have been studied extensively and generally, local scale investigations have shown that the magnitudes of the hydrologic impacts of fire depend on vegetation, topography, temperature, and fire-intensity. What is lacking is a coordinated study that links point scale I hydrologic changes with basin-integrated runoff and stream flow response. The unique opportunity to combine soil physical measurements of infiltration capacity with integrated watershed geochemistry will improve our ability to unravel the partitioning between runoff and infiltration after a wildf1re. Funding sought under this SGER proposal will be used for intensive Data collection in the period immediately following the burn and for continued monitoring over the next year. SGER is selected as the funding vehicle, because of the urgency to start the research before or as close as possible to the start of the monsoon. The motivating science question is: How is the partitioning of precipitation into infiltration and surface runoff affected by wildfire? We propose an intensive data collection campaign to measure the watershed response to monsoon and winter storm events in the wake of the Aspen Fire. Continued monitoring, to gauge recovery, will take place over the remainder of the year. Soil physical measurements, using a modified air permeameter will be made to determine the extent to which fire-induced changes in soil hydraulic properties lead to changes in infiltration and Runoff generation. Stream flow measurements and analysis of soil and water chemistry will b~ used to investigate the catchments response.

Nijssen0342831在西南部，严重的火灾可以摧毁多达 90% 的植被和垃圾覆盖。暴露、烧毁的土壤极易受到强烈季风降雨的影响，导致地表径流、洪峰流量和侵蚀率增加。这些剧烈的物理和化学水文变化对水生栖息地产生负面影响，并危及人类生命和财产。图森北部科罗纳多国家森林的阿斯彭大火已烧毁超过 40,000 英亩土地，摧毁了 300 多座建筑物。这场悲惨的火灾为监测经过深入研究的萨比诺溪盆地的火灾后土壤和水状况提供了独特的机会。火灾在这一点尺度上的影响已经得到了广泛的研究，一般来说，局部尺度的调查表明，火灾对水文影响的程度取决于植被、地形、温度和火灾强度。缺乏的是一项将点规模 I 水文变化与流域综合径流和溪流响应联系起来的协调研究。将渗透能力的土壤物理测量与综合流域地球化学相结合的独特机会将提高我们在野火后阐明径流和渗透之间的划分的能力。根据该 SGER 提案寻求的资金将用于在销毁后立即进行密集数据收集，并用于明年的持续监测。 SGER 被选为资助工具，因为在季风开始之前或尽可能接近季风开始时开始研究的紧迫性。令人兴奋的科学问题是：野火如何影响降水分为渗透和地表径流？我们建议开展密集的数据收集活动，以衡量阿斯彭火灾后对季风和冬季风暴事件的流域响应。今年剩余时间内将继续进行监测，以衡量恢复情况。将使用改进的空气渗透仪进行土壤物理测量，以确定火灾引起的土壤水力特性变化导致渗透和径流产生变化的程度。溪流测量以及土壤和水化学分析将用于研究流域响应。