Evolutionary Origin and History of Antifreeze Glycoprotein Gene in the Northern Cod Fishes (Gadidae): Creating Sense from Non-Sense DNA?

北方鳕鱼（Gadidae）抗冻糖蛋白基因的进化起源和历史：从无义 DNA 中创造有义？

• 批准号: 0919496
• 负责人: Chi-Hing Cheng
• 金额: $ 64.91万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0919496&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolutionary; Origin; History; Antifreeze; Glycoprotein

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).The evolutionary adaptation to polar climates can provide a model for adaptations to climate changes in general. Today's frigid polar waters are inhospitable for most bony fishes, but some can live in freezing waters because they have evolved antifreeze proteins. The antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP) of northern/Arctic cod fishes bind to invading ice crystals, preventing the fish from freezing. Novel proteins are commonly thought to evolve from a pre-existing protein gene rather than from other kinds of DNA. The evolution of the cod AFGP gene may defy this long-held paradigm. The codfish genes analyzed thus far suggest that the repetitive DNA encoding the AFGP arose from repeatedly copying a snippet of ancestral, non-protein coding DNA. Furthermore the AFGP trait appears in two cold-water codfish groups that are distant cousins, suggesting the AFGP gene evolved twice, in separate branches of this family tree. To test these two intertwined evolutionary hypotheses, the distribution of the AFGP trait will be mapped onto the codfish family tree. Then the AFGP genomic regions will be compared for two distant species bearing complete AFGP function, and with the corresponding region in a related species without AFGP function. If the antifreeze gene did not evolve from coding DNA, the result would indicate that evolutionary novelty has more sources than previously thought. The principal investigator will train graduate and undergraduate students in cutting edge genomics technology and science. The sequence data from the project will also be utilized in a "Find a Gene" workshop for a group of high school students for basic training in bioinformatics and genome data management.

该奖项是根据2009年的《美国回收与再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。对极地气候的进化适应可以为一般气候变化提供适应的模型。当今的寒冷的极地海水对大多数骨鱼来说都是无处不在的，但是有些人可以生活在冰冻水中，因为它们已经进化出了抗冻蛋白。北/北极鳕鱼鱼的抗冻糖蛋白（AFGP）结合了入侵的冰晶，防止鱼冷冻。通常认为新型蛋白质是从先前存在的蛋白基因而不是从其他类型的DNA演变而来的。 COD AFGP基因的演变可能会违背这种长期控制的范式。到目前为止，分析的鳕鱼基因表明，编码AFGP的重复DNA是由于反复复制祖先，非蛋白质编码DNA的片段而产生的。 此外，AFGP特征出现在两个冷水鳕鱼基团，这些cod鱼是遥远的表亲，表明AFGP基因在该家族树的单独分支中演变了两次。 为了测试这两个交织在一起的进化假设，AFGP特征的分布将映射到鳕鱼家族树上。然后，将比较两个具有完整AFGP功能的遥远物种，以及与没有AFGP功能的相关物种中的相应区域。 如果抗冻基因不是从编码DNA演变而来的，则结果表明进化新颖性的来源比以前想象的要多。 首席研究员将在尖端基因组技术和科学领域培训研究生和本科生。 该项目的序列数据还将用于一组高中生的“查找基因”研讨会，用于生物信息学和基因组数据管理的基础培训。