Small:CIF:Exact Thresholds for Quantum Information Processing

Small:CIF:量子信息处理的精确阈值

• 批准号: 0917244
• 负责人: Willem van Dam
• 金额: $ 44.39万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-15 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0917244&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Small; CIF; Exact; Thresholds; Quantum

Computation and communication are physical processes with limits set by the laws of physics. This project investigates which bounds the laws of quantum mechanics impose on processing quantum information in a reliable manner. Two questions are specifically addressed, one concerning the amount of noise that can be tolerated in a quantum computer, and the other about the minimal physical resources required to store quantum information. Noise Thresholds: When talking about circuits to implement quantum algorithms one has to take into account the fact that it is impossible to implement the gates perfectly. In the case of quantum computation this realization is especially relevant as the experimental challenges for implementing quantum gates are significantly greater than those for implementing classical gates. It is the theory of fault tolerant quantum computation that investigates the many aspects of this issue. The current project looks at exactly which noise levels the ability to perform quantum computation disappears and how such threshold values depend on the kind of quantum gate and the kind of noise.Information Storage: It seems obvious that to store a bit of information one needs to expend physical resources and that there is a trade-off between these resources such as space and energy. The research of this project looks at making this intuition rigorous and more quantitative by deriving physical laws that give exact lower bounds on the necessary combined resources to store quantum information reliably, taking into account how much information for how long has to be stored.

计算和通信是物理过程，其限制是由物理定律设定的。该项目调查了量子力学定律以可靠的方式限制了处理量子信息的规律。有两个问题是专门解决的，一个问题涉及在量子计算机中可以忍受的噪声量，另一个涉及存储量子信息所需的最小物理资源。噪声阈值：在谈论电路以实现量子算法时，必须考虑到不可能完美实施大门的事实。在量子计算的情况下，这种实现尤其重要，因为实施量子门的实验挑战明显大于实施经典门的实施挑战。 正是可容忍量子计算的理论研究了该问题的许多方面。当前的项目准确地研究了执行量子计算的能力的确切水平消失了，这种阈值值如何取决于量子门的种类和噪声的种类。信息存储：似乎很明显，要存储一些人需要的信息来消耗物理资源，并且在这些资源（例如空间和能源）之间存在权衡。该项目的研究旨在通过得出物理定律来使这种直觉严格，更定量，这些定律可以可靠地存储量子信息的必要组合资源，从而确切地降低范围，并考虑到必须存储多少信息。