Virunga Volcanic SO2 Emissions Research (VISOR) Project

维龙加火山 SO2 排放研究 (VISOR) 项目

• 批准号: 0910795
• 负责人: Simon Carn
• 金额: $ 12.44万
• 依托单位: Michigan Technological University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-16 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0910795&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Virunga; Volcanic; SO2; Emissions; Research

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from non-arc volcanoes constitute a significant component of the global volcanic sulfur budget, and have been assumed to scale directly with erupted lava volume (i.e. that there is no excess sulfur). However, to date there have been very few efforts to prove this, particularly for alkaline volcanoes. This project will merge remote sensing and petrological analysis to investigate the origins and dynamics of SO2 emissions from Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo, the active, alkaline volcanoes in the Virunga region of the western arm of the East African Rift in DR Congo. Both Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo are prodigious sulfur emitters, the former during its frequent effusive eruptions and the latter via persistent passive degassing since 2002. To date there has been no concerted attempt to link these SO2 emissions with magma production, or to investigate the origin of the exceptional SO2 output. The main components of the VISOR project are: (1) Analysis of satellite data collected by several instruments since 1978 to develop a complete record of recent SO2 emissions from the Virunga volcanoes. An up-to-date map of recent lava flows will also be constructed; (2) Fieldwork in DR Congo to collaborate with Congolese scientists at the Goma Volcano Observatory (GVO) on ground-based SO2 monitoring at Nyiragongo, including measurement of SO2 emissions and interpretation of the data alongside other volcanological datasets collected by GVO and collaborators. Validation of satellite measurements will be achieved by comparing coincident field- and satellite-based SO2 measurements; (3) Petrological analyses of volatile concentrations and speciations in historical eruptive products of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo to determine the extent of magma degassing during eruptions. These data will be combined with the remotely sensed SO2 measurements to assess the relationship between melt sulfur loss and measured SO2 production for a series of eruptive events; thus shedding new light on the incidence of excess sulfur emissions at non-arc, alkaline volcanoes, and into the behavior of sulfur and other volatiles in alkali-basaltic magmas. Broader impacts of this study include: strengthening of international collaborative links between groups in the USA, Africa, and Europe; training of a female graduate student in remote sensing, petrological techniques and fieldwork; a valuable infusion of expertise and collaborative activity for African scientists at GVO, which has suffered many years of neglect and civil unrest; outreach projects in Goma using satellite data acquired for the project; and the addition of exotic volcanic rock compositions to the National Rock Collection archive at the Smithsonian Institution, for future research efforts.

非ARC火山的二氧化硫（SO2）排放构成了全球火山硫预算的重要组成部分，并被认为随着熔岩量爆发而直接扩展（即没有过多的硫）。但是，迄今为止，很少有努力来证明这一点，尤其是对于碱性火山而言。该项目将合并遥感和岩石学分析，以研究Nyamuragira和Nyiragongo的SO2排放的起源和动力学，这是东非裂谷西部Virunga地区活跃的碱性火山。 Nyamuragira和Nyiragongo都是巨大的硫发射器，前者在其频繁的爆发期间，后者是自2002年以来通过持续的被动脱气。迄今为止，尚无协同的尝试将这些SO2排放与岩浆产生或调查出色的SO2输出的起源。遮阳板项目的主要组成部分是：（1）自1978年以来收集的几种仪器收集的卫星数据的分析，以制定Virunga火山最近的SO2排放的完整记录。还将建造最新的熔岩流图； （2）刚果博士的实地调查与Goma火山天文台（GVO）在Nyiragogo的基于地面SO2监测的GOMOSCOCICIST合作，包括测量SO2发射和GVO和协作者收集的其他火山数据集的SO2排放和数据解释。通过比较基于卫星和卫星的SO2测量值来实现卫星测量的验证； （3）对Nyamuragira和Nyiragongo历史喷发产物中挥发性浓度和概况的岩石学分析，以确定喷发过程中岩浆脱气的程度。这些数据将与远程感知的SO2测量值结合使用，以评估一系列喷发事件的熔体硫损失与测量的SO2产生之间的关系；因此，对非弧线，碱性火山的过量硫排放的发生率以及碱性 - 巴萨尔山岩浆中硫和其他挥发物的行为散发出了新的启示。这项研究的更广泛的影响包括：加强美国，非洲和欧洲群体之间的国际协作联系；培训遥感，岩石学技术和现场工作的女研究生；对于GVO的非洲科学家来说，有价值的专业知识和协作活动有价值，这已经遭受了多年的忽视和内乱； GOMA的外展项目使用为该项目获得的卫星数据；以及在史密森尼机构的国家岩石收藏档案中加入异国火山岩的组成，以进行未来的研究工作。