Doctoral Dissertation Research: Multicultural Citizenship and Indigneous Identity

博士论文研究：多元文化公民身份和土著身份

• 批准号: 0902494
• 负责人: Patrick Heller
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0902494&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Multicultural; Citizenship

This project investigates indigenous movement strategies for constructing multicultural citizenship in Bolivia and Guatemala. It compares how the movements invoke their identity to justify demands for land, territory, and political autonomy -- rights that are crucial to indigenous citizenship and that, when granted, can dramatically alter power relations and the locus of state authority. Bolivia's indigenous movement politicizes its identity to justify demands for "territory" and "autonomy"; their Guatemalan counterparts, by contrast, demand land redistribution and focus on building "local power" within community government. In both countries, indigenous people are a historically marginalized and racialized majority, and the challenge of including them as full citizens of the state is tremendous. Why do the Bolivian and Guatemalan indigenous movements respond to this challenge in such different ways, and how can we explain their differing demands? I propose that political opportunities and institutions interact with indigenous identity to produce the different demands -- and different politicizations of identity -- in the Bolivian and Guatemalan movements. Using data from semi-structured interviews, observations, and documents, I will reconstruct the processes of demand-making through the local and national level experiences of major indigenous social movement organizations in each country. The findings will contribute to theory on social movements and identity politics, and will reveal the socio-political factors that lead to very different ways of reconfiguring citizenship in multi-ethnic and racially polarized democracies. Additionally, the results of the study will carry important practical implications by investigating indigenous movement agency in influencing multicultural rights policies, which are debated in both national and international arenas.

该项目调查了在玻利维亚和危地马拉建造多元文化公民身份的土著运动策略。它比较了这些运动如何援引他们的身份以证明对土地，领土和政治自治的要求 - 这对于土著公民身份至关重要，并且在批准后，可以显着改变权力关系和国家权威的席位。玻利维亚的土著运动将其身份政治化，以证明对“领土”和“自治”的要求。相比之下，他们的危地马拉对应者要求土地再分配，并专注于在社区政府内建立“地方权力”。在这两个国家中，土著人民都是历史上被边缘化和种族化的多数，将其作为国家公民的挑战是巨大的。为什么玻利维亚人和危地马拉的土著运动以这种不同的方式应对这一挑战，以及我们如何解释他们的不同需求？我建议在玻利维亚和危地马拉的运动中，政治机会和机构与土著身份互动，以产生不同的需求以及对身份的不同政治化。使用半结构化访谈，观察和文件中的数据，我将通过每个国家的主要土著社会运动组织的当地和国家一级经验来重建需求制定的过程。这些发现将有助于社会运动和身份政治的理论，并将揭示导致重新配置多种族和种族两极分化民主国家公民身份的社会政治因素。此外，该研究的结果将通过调查土著运动机构在影响多元文化权利政策方面具有重要的实际影响，这些政策在国家和国际领域都在辩论。