Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability & Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake & Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (

合作研究：海洋冰盖稳定性综合研究

• 批准号: 0839059
• 负责人: Ross Powell
• 金额: $ 32.56万
• 依托单位: Northern Illinois University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0839059&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Integrative; Study; Marine

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). The LISSARD project (Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) is one of three research components of the WISSARD integrative initiative (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF's Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The LISSARD component of WISSARD focuses on the role of active subglacial lakes in determining how fast the West Antarctic ice sheet loses mass to the global ocean and influences global sea level changes. The importance of Antarctic subglacial lakes has only been recently recognized, and the lakes have been identified as high priority targets for scientific investigations because of their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. LISSARD has several primary science goals: A) To provide an observational basis for improving treatments of subglacial hydrological and mechanical processes in models of ice sheet mass balance and stability; B) To reconstruct the past history of ice stream stability by analyzing archives of past basal water and ice flow variability contained in subglacial sediments, porewater, lake water, and basal accreted ice; C) To provide background understanding of subglacial lake environments to benefit RAGES and GBASE (the other two components of the WISSARD project); and D) To synthesize data and concepts developed as part of this project to determine whether subglacial lakes play an important role in (de)stabilizing Antarctic ice sheets. We propose an unprecedented synthesis of approaches to studying ice sheet processes, including: (1) satellite remote sensing, (2) surface geophysics, (3) borehole observations and measurements and, (4) basal and subglacial sampling. INTELLECTUAL MERIT: The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations. BROADER IMPACTS: Societal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.

该奖项是根据2009年《美国复苏与再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。 Lissard Project（Lake and Lake and Ice Stream冰川访问研究钻探）是Wissard Integrative Initiative的三个研究组成部分之一（Whillans Ice Stream Ice Stream冰流亚冰川访问研究钻探），该研究由NSF Polar Proparts Office of Antroctic Division，NSF Polars Science计划的南极综合系统科学计划资助。 维萨德的总体科学目标是评估南极冰流下的水在相互联系的冰川，地质，微生物，地球化学和海洋学系统中的作用。维沙德的lissard部分着重于主动冰山湖在确定南极冰盖的速度中的作用，对全球海洋失去质量并影响全球海平面的变化。 南极亚冰山湖的重要性直到最近才被确认，由于在未来的全球变暖方案下，湖泊对冰盖稳定性的贡献不明，因此被确定为科学研究的高优先级目标。 利萨德（Lissard）有几个主要的科学目标：a）在冰板质量平衡和稳定性模型中提供了改善冰川下水文和机械过程处理的观察基础； b）通过分析冰川沉积物，孔隙水，湖水和基底冰冰的过去基底水和冰流变异性的档案来重建冰流稳定的过去； c）提供对冰山下湖环境的背景理解，以使愤怒和GBase（Wissard项目的其他两个组成部分）受益； d）综合作为该项目的数据和概念，以确定冰山下湖中是否在（DE）稳定南极冰盖中起重要作用。我们提出了研究冰盖工艺方法的前所未有的综合，包括：（1）卫星遥感，（2）表面地球物理学，（3）钻孔观测和测量以及（4）基础和基底和冰下采样。知识分子优点：政府间气候变化小组的最新报告认识到，评估未来全球海平面变化的最大不确定性源于对冰盖动态和冰纸脆弱性对海洋和大气变暖的脆弱性的理解。仅WAIS（南极西部冰盖）的瓦解将使全球海平面上升3-5 m，这使WAIS成为科学关注的焦点，因为它可能对内部或海洋驱动的不稳定敏感。 整个Wissard项目将检验总体假设，即主动排水连接各种冰川下环境，并对冰片流，地球化学，代谢和系统发育多样性以及生物地球化学转化产生重大控制。 更广泛的影响：社会相关性：全球变暖，冰盖的融化和相应的海平面上升具有很高的社会相关性。科学资源开发：经过9年的休假之后，Wissard将为美国科学家社区提供可访问和研究子夹纸环境的新能力。开发这种技术基础设施将使更广泛的科学界受益，并且可以通过NSF-OPP钻探承包商获得资产，以供将来使用。此外，这些项目将开拓国家研究委员会环境管理原理委员会的建议，以探索和研究冰川环境的探索和研究（2007年）。教育与外展（E/O）：这些活动分为四类：i）通过将它们完全融入我们的研究计划中，从而增加学生参与极地研究； ii）通过将有前途的年轻研究者纳入我们的计划，iii）促进K-12教学计划，通过合并各种教师和NSTA计划来促进K-12的教学计划，以及IV）通过流行的科学杂志，基于博物馆的活动和摄像机和文档电影来促进更大的公众观众。总而言之，Wissard将通过向公众传达访问和研究地球上最后一个未开发的水生环境的兴奋和研究，这代表了欧洲和火星上的外星生命栖息地的潜在类似物，从而促进对南极的科学探索。