CSR-DMSS,SM: Beyond Solid State Disks: Using FLASH to Save Energy in Enterprise Systems

CSR-DMSS,SM：超越固态硬盘：使用闪存在企业系统中节省能源

• 批准号: 0834403
• 负责人: Thomas Wenisch
• 金额: $ 28万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0834403&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CSR; DMSS; SM; Beyond; Solid

Energy efficiency is rapidly becoming a key constraint in the design of enterprise systems. By 2011, yearly data center energy consumption in the United States is projected to grow to over 100 billion kWh at cost of $7.4 billion. As much as 40% of this energy is consumed by DRAM and disks. Portable consumer devices, where battery life has long been a key concern, instead use faster and more energy-efficient Flash storage. Flash is non-volatile, has near-zero standby power draw, and each Flash read requires 30x less power than a DRAM read and three orders-of-magnitude less power than a disk access. Moreover, Flash provides far lower access latency and higher bandwidth than disks, approaching DRAM performance levels. Enterprise storage vendors have recently announced products that replace traditional disks with high-capacity Flash solid-state disks (SSDs). However, because they are accessed through interfaces optimized for legacy rotating disks, SSDs fail to fully-exploit the low latency and high bandwidth Flash can provide. Furthermore, replacing conventional disks with SSDs does not address the growing power consumption of severs' DRAM. In this project, we examine further opportunities, beyond SSDs, to save energy with Flash in enterprise systems by integrating Flash throughout the servers' storage and memory hierarchies. The long term goal of our research--to improve data center energy efficiency--has the potential to drastically reduce the carbon footprint of data centers and the need for additional power generation capacity.

能源效率正迅速成为企业系统设计中的关键限制。到2011年，美国的年度数据中心能源消耗预计将增长到1000亿千瓦时，成本为74亿美元。多达40％的能量被DRAM和磁盘消耗。便携式消费者设备长期以来一直是关键问题，而是使用更快，更节能的闪存存储。 Flash是非挥发性的，具有接近零的备用功率，并且每个Flash读取的功率要比DRAM读数要少30倍，而磁盘的功率比磁盘访问少了三个。此外，Flash提供的访问延迟较低，比磁盘更高，接近DRAM性能水平。 企业存储供应商最近宣布了用高容量闪光固态磁盘（SSD）代替传统磁盘的产品。但是，由于通过针对传统旋转磁盘进行了优化的接口访问它们，因此SSD无法全面探索低潜伏期和高带宽闪光灯。此外，用SSD替换常规磁盘并不能解决Severs DRAM不断增长的功耗。在这个项目中，我们检查了超越SSD的更多机会，以通过在服务器的存储和内存层次结构中集成Flash，从而在企业系统中使用Flash节省能量。 我们研究的长期目标是提高数据中心的能源效率 - 有可能大幅度降低数据中心的碳足迹以及需要额外发电能力的需求。