Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Assessing the Interaction of Risk Aversion and Social Organization in Juvenile Primates

博士论文改进：评估幼年灵长类动物的风险规避和社会组织的相互作用

• 批准号: 0824372
• 负责人: Anthony Di Fiore
• 金额: $ 1.16万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0824372&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Assessing; Interaction

Primates are unique among mammals in having extended periods of juvenile dependency. Several evolutionary explanations for this prolonged juvenile phase have been proposed, but few of these have been tested in the field, in part because juveniles have rarely been the focus of behavioral research. The few field studies that have explicitly examined juvenile development in primates have focused on taxa that live in female philopatric and female-bonded social groups, neglecting the broad diversity in social organization found in the rest of the Order. By contrast, this study will provide new data on juvenile development and life histories for wild taxa living in societies characterized by a high level of female dispersal, either in cohesive (lowland woolly monkeys, Lagothrix poeppigii) or fission-fusion (white-bellied spider monkeys, Ateles belzebuth) social groups in the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador. In collecting an array of behavioral and developmental data, this study will examine how aspects of juvenile development and behavior may be explicitly tied to social organization, primarily through examining aspects of predation avoidance, food competition and efficiency, and social development that are expected to vary in the different social environments offered by fission-fusion and cohesive groups. This research will also provide the first comparative field test of the most widely accepted explanation for the evolution of extended juvenility in primates, the Ecological Risk Aversion Hypothesis, which argues that the extended juvenile phase in primates is the result of a metabolic slowdown during development arising from the need to remain in the center of social groups to elude predators where high food competition prevents adequate food intake.Ultimately, this study will fill important gaps in our understanding of the juvenile phase in primates, both through increasing the diversity of juvenile primate data available and by explicitly linking social organization to juvenile behavioral development, which may in turn shed light on the evolution of the markedly extended juvenile phase seen in primates, including humans. Additionally, the scientific presence at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station fostered by the project will enable the training of several field assistants from primate habitat countries, and contribute to the biological station?s mission of Ecuadorian education, ecological discovery, and Amazonian conservation.

在较长的少年依赖性时期，灵长类动物在哺乳动物中是独一无二的。已经提出了对这个长期少年阶段的一些进化解释，但其中很少在该领域进行了测试，部分原因是少年很少是行为研究的重点。少数明确研究了灵长类动物的少年发展的现场研究集中在居住在女性哲学和女性束缚社会群体中的分类单元上，忽略了其余秩序中社会组织中广泛的多样性。相比之下，这项研究将提供有关少年发育和生活历史的新数据，用于生活在社会中的野生类群，其特征是高水平的女性散布，无论是在凝聚力（低地羊毛猴，lagothrix poeppigii）或裂变（fission）或裂变（白核蜘蛛猴子猴子）中，Yasuni offore inasuni offere ins yasuni offere conseme consece in yasuni offere，在收集一系列行为和发展数据时，本研究将研究青少年发展和行为的各个方面如何与社会组织明确相关，主要是通过研究避免捕食，粮食竞争和效率的各个方面，以及预期在裂变融合和凝聚力群体提供的不同社会环境中会有所不同。这项研究还将提供第一个比较现场测试，以对灵长类动物的少年性延长的发展，生态风险厌恶假设的发展，这认为灵长类动物中的少年阶段的延长是由于在发展过程中所需要的，而在社会群体中填补了良好的粮食竞争，这是在发展过程中产生的代谢速度，这是由于发展过程中的代谢速度而产生的，而这是富含食物竞争的重要性。灵长类动物的青少年阶段，既通过增加可用的青少年灵长类动物数据的多样性，并明确将社会组织与少年行为发展联系起来，这可能又可能揭示了包括人类在内的灵长类动物中明显扩展的少年阶段的演变。 此外，该项目培养的Tiputini生物多样性站的科学存在将使能够培训来自灵长类动物栖息地国家的几名现场助手，并为生物站的厄瓜多尔教育，生态发现和亚马逊保护的使命做出了贡献。