Tanah Datar: Early State Formation at the Background of Highland-Lowland Relations on Sumatra

Tanah Datar：苏门答腊高地与低地关系背景下的早期国家形成

• 批准号: 188500991
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Dominik Bonatz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Vorderasiatische Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2009-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/188500991?language=en
• 关键词: Tanah; Datar; Early; State; Formation

The archaeological research pursued in 2011 and 2012 in Tanah Datar in the highland of West Sumatra has gained new insights into the early settlement history in the land of origin of the Minangkabau. Excavations at the twin hills of Bukit Gombak and Bukit Kincir compliments concrete archaeological finds and basic findings to the highland empire of the Hindu-Buddhist king Adityavarman (1343-1375), which was so far only documented by inscriptions. The study proof a dynamic settlement development in the centre of an indigenous system of reign which maintained evidenced contacts to the lowland and trade along the maritime Silk Road what resulted in an economic opening and political reorientation in the highland region. At the end of this transformation process the Minangkabau society has developed from a pre-state polity to an internationally recognized state. The research question relevant for the extension project is the chronological discrepancy between the period of Adityavarman and the archaeological finds pre-dating this time-span. Settlement evidences older than the 14th century were uncovered in soundings at one site in the research area. In contrast, the impressive megalithic grave yards in the neighboring regions of Sinamar and Mahat clearly attest to early densely populated settlement cores. The extended research, planned ahead, at the burial grounds of Mahat and the identification of their settlements aims to clarify the chronological sequence and the socio-economic background of the settlement structures in that region. Such information would provide data on an early sedentary society in the highland of West Sumatra, what provides the basis for comparative studies of social processes which are also visible in Tanah Datar. Central to the research aim is to highlight the continuities of cultural traditions e.g. the use of megaliths at pre-Islamic and Islamic burial grounds. Other aspects of the material culture such as earthenware traditions will address regional and interregional connections. As result, the extension project of the Tanah Datar research would provide the first comparative study to reconstruct settlement processes and the cultural transfer in the broader context of the highland of West Sumatra as well as in a wider historical time frame.

2011年和2012年在西苏门答腊岛高原的丹那达塔进行的考古研究对米南加保人发源地的早期定居历史有了新的认识。武吉甘巴克 (Bukit Gombak) 和武吉金吉尔 (Bukit Kincir) 双山的发掘证实了印度教-佛教国王阿迪亚跋摩 (Adityavarman，1343-1375) 高原帝国的具体考古发现和基本发现，迄今为止，该帝国仅通过铭文记录。该研究证明了土著统治体系中心的定居点动态发展，该体系与低地保持着明显的联系，并沿着海上丝绸之路进行贸易，从而导致了高地地区的经济开放和政治重新定位。在这一转型过程结束时，米南加保社会已从前国家政体发展成为国际公认的国家。与扩建项目相关的研究问题是阿迪亚跋摩时期与该时期之前的考古发现之间的时间差异。在研究区域的一处地点进行探测时，发现了早于 14 世纪的定居证据。相比之下，西纳马尔和马哈特邻近地区令人印象深刻的巨石墓地清楚地证明了早期人口稠密的定居点核心。提前计划对马哈特墓地及其定居点进行扩展研究，旨在澄清该地区定居点结构的时间顺序和社会经济背景。这些信息将提供西苏门答腊高原早期定居社会的数据，为社会过程的比较研究提供基础，这在丹那达塔也可见。研究目标的核心是强调文化传统的连续性，例如文化传统。在前伊斯兰和伊斯兰墓地中使用巨石。物质文化的其他方面，例如陶器传统，将解决区域和区域间的联系。因此，丹那达塔研究的扩展项目将提供第一个比较研究，以在西苏门答腊高地的更广泛背景以及更广泛的历史时间框架内重建定居过程和文化转移。