DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Harvest-induced changes in life history traits: insights from the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

论文研究：收获引起的生活史特征变化：来自溪鳟（Salvelinus fontinalis）的见解

• 批准号: 0808605
• 负责人: Priyanga Amarasekare
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-01 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0808605&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Harvest; induced; changes

Investigating the evolutionary response of natural populations to human disturbance has important evolutionary implications, as well as conservation/management significance. This research is motivated by an intriguing pattern observed in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in southern Quebec lakes. Individuals living in lakes where fishing is permitted mature earlier and at smaller sizes than those from lakes without fishing. This research attempts to explain this pattern. It uses a novel combination of mathematical models, field surveys and DNA studies to test for harvest-induced evolution. This research has practical applications for fisheries management. The decision to harvest fish above a certain size, as well as how many individuals to harvest, depends on whether the fishery can recover to its original state. If changes in age/size at maturity caused by harvesting are not genetic, then simply ceasing (or at least reducing) fishing is likely to allow the population to recover. However, if changes have a genetic basis, then a new approach to establishing fishing policies is needed. The researcher will share his findings with policy stakeholders and will develop new, open-source computational tools that fishery management professionals can use to develop policies that mitigate the evolutionary effects of harvesting natural populations.

研究自然人群对人类干扰的进化反应具有重要的进化意义，以及保护/管理的意义。这项研究是由在魁北克湖南部的布鲁克鳟鱼（Salvelinus fontinalis）中观察到的有趣模式的动机。与没有钓鱼的湖泊相比，居住在允许捕鱼的湖泊中，捕鱼的尺寸较小。这项研究试图解释这种模式。它使用数学模型，现场调查和DNA研究的新型组合来测试收获引起的进化。这项研究对渔业管理有实际应用。将鱼类高于一定尺寸的决定以及要收获多少个人的决定取决于渔业是否可以恢复到其原始状态。如果收获导致的成熟年龄变化不是遗传性的，则仅仅停止（或至少减少）捕鱼可能会允许人口恢复。但是，如果变化具有遗传基础，则需要一种新的方法来制定捕鱼政策。研究人员将与政策利益相关者分享他的发现，并将开发新的开源计算工具，渔业管理专业人员可以使用这些工具来制定减轻收获自然种群的进化影响的政策。