International Research Fellowship Program: Identifying Maintenance Populations of a Multihost Pathogen: Canine Distemper in Serengeti Carnivores

国际研究奖学金计划：识别多宿主病原体的维持种群：塞伦盖蒂食肉动物中的犬瘟热

• 批准号: 0804186
• 负责人: Meggan Craft
• 金额: $ 16.3万
• 依托单位: Craft, Meggan E
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0804186&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Research; Fellowship; Program; Identifying

0804186CraftThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-four month research fellowship by Dr. Meggan Craft to work with Dr. Daniel Haydon at the University of Glasgow in the UK.The majority of emerging infectious diseases infect multiple host species. Despite this, little is known about the mechanisms that maintain a generalist viral pathogen in a multi-host system. In response to this important deficiency, this research addresses questions relating to the dynamics of multi-host pathogens and emergent diseases by developing and analyzing a multi-host model parameterized with data based on recently collected fieldwork. The objective of this project is to use mathematical models to examine hypotheses about how a multi-host pathogen like canine distemper virus (CDV) is maintained and persists in multiple host communities. (In 1994 CDV killed a third of Serengeti lions, was implicated in the local extinction of the African wild dog, continues to kill domestic dogs, and still circulates in the ecosystem.) A spatial, age-structured, multi-host model of disease transmission among Serengeti carnivores will address four specific questions: Which species comprise the maintenance community for CDV and what is the persistence time of CDV in the various non-maintenance species?; Can we characterize the spatiotemporal pattern of infection?; How might co-infection with another pathogen affect persistence?; How does dog vaccination influence CDV dynamics in wildlife populations? What control strategies in wild and domestic carnivores are feasible in this ecosystem? Studying the basic ecology of pathogen maintenance and circulation among Serengeti carnivores will provide practical applications to the conservation of carnivores and human livelihoods. The theoretical model developed in this project will not only contribute to the understanding of disease dynamics in the Serengeti but also provide specific management recommendations. The resultant models and associated methods for estimating the parameters from empirical data will provide tools that could be applied to other ecosystems. Theoretical approaches to real-life conservation actions will make future disease programs more effective, a much-needed strategy in an era of increasing emerging diseases. Viable multi-host pathogen models are critical to understanding how to manage emergent and re-emergent disease threats. Most importantly, developing more effective disease control programs will have potential applications to human and animal health worldwide.

0804186 CRAFT THE国际研究奖学金计划使美国的科学家和工程师能够在国外进行九至二十四个月的研究。 该计划的奖项为联合研究提供了机会，并在国外使用独特或补充的设施，专业知识和实验条件。该奖项将支持Meggan Craft博士的二十四个月研究奖学金，以与英国格拉斯哥大学的Daniel Haydon博士合作。尽管如此，对于在多宿主系统中维持通才病毒病原体的机制知之甚少。 为了应对这一重要缺陷，本研究通过开发和分析基于最近收集的现场工作的数据参数化的多主宿主模型，解决了与多宿主病原体和新兴疾病动态有关的问题。 该项目的目的是使用数学模型来检查有关如何维持多宿主病原体（例如犬科犬病毒（CDV））并在多个宿主社区中持续存在的假设。 （1994年，CDV杀死了三分之一的Serengeti Lions，与非洲野狗的局部灭绝有关，继续杀死家养犬，并且仍然在生态系统中循环。）一种空间，年龄结构化的，多主疾病的疾病传播模型在Serengeti Carnivores中的疾病传播模型将在哪些中构成唯一的社区，以解决哪些社区的范围：CDV的CDV范围内的CDV和CDV的CDV范围是什么。 物种？;我们可以表征感染的时空模式吗？与另一个病原体共同感染如何影响持久性？狗疫苗接种如何影响野生动植物种群的CDV动态？在这个生态系统中，野生和家庭食肉动物中有哪些控制策略是可行的？研究Serengeti食肉动物中病原体维持和循环的基本生态，将为食肉动物和人类生计的保护提供实际应用。 该项目中开发的理论模型不仅有助于理解塞伦盖蒂的疾病动态，而且还提供了特定的管理建议。 从经验数据中估算参数的最终模型和相关方法将提供可以应用于其他生态系统的工具。 现实生活中的保护行动的理论方法将使未来的疾病计划更加有效，这是在增加新兴疾病的时代急需的策略。 可行的多宿主病原体模型对于了解如何管理新出现和重新出现的疾病威胁至关重要。最重要的是，制定更有效的疾病控制计划将对全球人类和动物健康有潜在的应用。