Arabidopsis Thaliana as a Model for the Study of A Self-Incompatibility, Diversification of Floral Architecture, and Evolution of Inbreeding

拟南芥作为研究自交不亲和性、花型多样化和近交进化的模型

• 批准号: 0744579
• 负责人: Mikhail Nasrallah
• 金额: $ 61.2万
• 依托单位: Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-01 至 2012-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0744579&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arabidopsis; Thaliana; Model; Study; Self

M.E. Nasrallah (PI) and J.B. Nasrallah (co-PI)Proposal #: IOS-0744579Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for the study of self-incompatibility, diversification of floral architecture, and evolution of inbreedingHow cells sense and respond to other cells is a central question in biology. The study of well-defined plant cell-cell communication systems is important for elucidating developmental mechanisms as well as the processes that ensure reproductive success and determine evolutionary potential. Genomic heterozygosity, or genetic variation, increases the ability of plants to adapt to changing environments. It is no wonder therefore that plants have evolved a number of devices that promote out-crossing, thereby enhancing genetic variation and fitness. One of these devices is self-incompatibility, a genetic mechanism that prevents self-fertilization. In a field of mustards (belonging to the crucifer family), a large number of variants at the self-incompatibility (S) locus exist, resulting in extensive mixing of the gene pool and the generation of many new combinations of the genetic material. Just as in our own ability to distinguish between hundreds of fragrances and odors, these plants use receptor and ligand proteins encoded in the S locus to distinguish self-related from non-self related (cross) pollen, allow development of cross pollen tubes, and inhibit that of self tubes. This project aims to understand the molecular processes underpinning the out-crossing and selfing reproductive strategies in crucifers, using molecular genetic approaches in self-incompatible plants that were recently engineered in the normally self-fertile Arabidopsis thaliana model species. Knowledge of the molecular genetic basis of these processes is critical for effective utilization of the germplasm available in a species for breeding crops tailored to particular environments. More generally, the results are expected to help answer the key question of how organisms adapt by modifying their developmental programs to generate novel designs in structure and function. The project also provides many opportunities to integrate teaching and research, and to train undergraduates, graduates, and post-doctoral fellows able to tackle the challenges of a rapidly changing world.

M.E. Nasrallah（PI）和J.B. Nasrallah（Co-Pi）提案＃：IOS-0744579arabidopsis thaliana，作为研究自我兼容性，花卉建筑的多元化以及近代细胞的发展以及对其他细胞的反应的模型，是生物学中的核心问题。对明确定义的植物细胞 - 细胞通信系统的研究对于阐明发育机制以及确保生殖成功并确定进化潜力的过程很重要。 基因组杂合性或遗传变异增加了植物适应不断变化的环境的能力。 因此，难怪植物已经进化了许多促进越过的设备，从而增强了遗传变异和适应性。 这些设备之一是自我兼容性，这是一种防止自我施用的遗传机制。 在芥末（属于十字架家族）的田地中，存在自我不相容性的大量变体，导致基因库的广泛混合以及遗传物质的许多新组合的产生。 就像我们自身区分数百种香水和气味的能力一样，这些植物也使用了在S基因座中编码的受体和配体蛋白，以区分自我相关的相关（交叉）花粉，允许开发交叉花粉管，并抑制自管的蛋白质。 该项目旨在了解十字花序中的分子过程，这些过程使用了最近在正常自我生物拟南芥thaliana模型物种中设计的自兼容植物中的分子遗传学方法。 对这些过程的分子遗传基础的了解对于有效利用物种可用于针对特定环境量身定制的繁殖作物的种质至关重要。 更一般而言，结果有望帮助回答生物如何通过修改其发展程序以生成结构和功能设计新颖设计来适应的关键问题。 该项目还提供了许多机会，可以整合教学和研究，并培训能够应对迅速变化的世界的挑战的本科生，毕业生和博士后研究员。