Collaborative Research: The Dynamics of Shoaling and Breaking Nonlinear Internal Waves and their Transport, Dispersion and Buoyancy and Momentum Balances

合作研究：浅滩和破裂非线性内波动力学及其传输、色散以及浮力和动量平衡

• 批准号: 0732322
• 负责人: James Lerczak
• 金额: $ 116.44万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-15 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0732322&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Dynamics; Shoaling; Breaking

Internal waves, which are waves formed between two layers of a stratified water column, are observed to propagate towards the coastline in most continental shelve regions. As these waves shoal, or are slowed by bottom friction, when entering into water depths of approximately one-half of the wave amplitude, their interaction with the bottom causes these waves to undergo transformations. Observations of across-shore transport and nutrient and plankton mixing suggest that nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) play a critical role in the maintenance of some inner shelf benthic communities. However, the across-shore transport length scales, the dispersion rates and the fluxes of buoyancy, momentum and energy, and, thus, the potentially important influence of these waves on coastal circulation and ecosystems, have not yet been quantified. Oceanographers from Oregon State University and the University of North Carolina, with support from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, will use a combined observational and numerical approach to quantify transport, dispersion, buoyancy and momentum fluxes, and flux divergences of shoaling NLIWs and determine their influence on the low-frequency circulation and density field in Massachusetts Bay. Their field observations will include deployments of a mooring array to quantify nonlinear internal wave fluxes, rapid shipboard surveys to study the evolution of individual waves from their generation point, through the region of shoaling, and to their demise near the coast, and dye injections and shipboard tracking to quantify scales of across-shore transport and rates of dispersion. In addition to field observations, a 'state-of-the-art', adaptive grid, nonhydrostatic, numerical model will be used to simulate nonlinear internal wave generation and evolution to compare the numerical output with the field observations and understand the detailed, three-dimensional evolution of these waves. Studying this process will provide an objective assessment of the significance of NLIWs relative to other physical processes in the coastal ocean. Understanding the mechanisms which transport and disperse water-borne materials (e.g., nutrients, pollutants, plankton) in the coastal ocean is a high priority objective for coastal physical oceanographic research and can have direct influence on environmental management.

在大多数大陆货架区域中，观察到内波是在分层水柱的两层之间形成的波。当这些波浅滩或底部摩擦减速时，当进入大约一半波浪振幅的水深度时，它们与底部的相互作用会导致这些波发生变化。对各个近岸运输以及养分和浮游生物混合的观察表明，非线性内波（NLIWS）在维持某些内架底栖群落中起着至关重要的作用。然而，跨越近岸的运输长度尺度，浮力速率和浮力，动量和能量的通量，因此尚未量化这些波对沿海循环和生态系统的潜在重要影响。来自俄勒冈州立大学和北卡罗来纳大学的海洋摄影师在伍兹霍尔海洋学研究所的支持下，将使用一种合并的观察和数值方法来量化运输，分散，繁殖和动量磁通量，以及浅滩NLIW的磁透，并确定其对低频循环和denseculation bay in Mastachusets in Mastachusets的影响。他们的现场观察结果将包括量化非线性内部波浪通量的系泊阵列，快速船舶调查，以研究单个波从其生成点，通过浅滩区域的发展，以及在海岸附近的衰落，以及染色器注射和船舶注射和船舶跟踪，以量化跨shore式运输和分散率的范围。除场观测外，还将使用“最先进的”，自适应网格，非静态的数值模型来模拟非线性内部波的产生和进化，以将数值输出与场观测到比较并了解这些波的详细的三维演化。研究这一过程将对NLIW相对于沿海海洋其他物理过程的重要性进行客观评估。了解沿海海洋中运输和分散水生材料（例如营养物质，污染物，浮游物）的机制是沿海物理海洋学研究的高优先目标，并且可以直接影响环境管理。