Doctoral Disssertation Improvement Grant: Analysis of Y-Chromosome Variation in Indigenous Altaian and Altaian Kazakh Populations

博士论文改进资助：阿尔泰土著和阿尔泰哈萨克族 Y 染色体变异分析

• 批准号: 0726623
• 负责人: Theodore Schurr
• 金额: $ 1.44万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0726623&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Disssertation; Improvement; Grant; Analysis

Many new insights into the human colonization of northern Eurasia have been discovered through the genetic analysis of indigenous populations of Siberia. This research has helped to reconstruct the timing and direction of the movements of prehistoric human groups as they settled this region, as well as characterize the process of genetic diversification that occurred as they became culturally and linguistically distinct from each other. This project will extend previous efforts to understand Siberian prehistory through the analysis of Y-chromosome variation in populations living in the putative homeland of both ancestral native Siberians and Native Americans. More specifically, this project will examine the population histories of several ethnic groups residing in the Altai Republic of Russia. This will be accomplished through the analysis of Y-chromosome variation in indigenous Chelkan, Tubular, Kumandin, and Altai-kizhi ethnic groups, as well as the Altaian Kazakhs, and the comparison of data from these Altaian groups with those observed in other native Siberian, East Asian, Central Asian and New World populations through phylogenetic and statistical methods. The resulting data will help to clarify the history of the Altai-Sayan region of Siberia, and elucidate the role played by ancestral Altaian populations in the initial settlement of Siberia, as well as the peopling of East Asia and the Americas. This study will further explore the genetic consequences of the expansions of populations speaking Mongolic and Turkic languages, in the context of Siberian population histories. This study will add new molecular data from under-sampled locations and indigenous populations that are important for understanding Altaian, and more generally, Siberian population history. Such information is also important for understanding Native American population history, since it is known that humans populated the New World largely by moving through Siberia and into North America. In addition, this project will explore the role that culture, language and tribal social structure may have played in shaping genetic variation in these groups. The Y-chromosome analysis outlined in this project will contribute to a larger study involving the analysis of several independent genetic systems and markers, including the mtDNA, the X-chromosome and numerous autosomal SNP markers. In fact, analyses of mtDNA variation in Altaian groups, in which Matthew Dulik has been involved, have revealed differences between northern (Chelkan, Tubular, Kumandin) and southern (Altai-kizhi) Altaian populations, as well as distinctions between each northern Altai group. Moreover, the mtDNA data reveal intriguing maternal genetic links between the Altai-Sayan region and other parts of Siberia and East Asia. It is anticipated that the Y-chromosome data will further elaborate these patterns, and also provide a complementary view of male genetic history in northern Eurasia. The collaborative nature of this project will greatly facilitate the learning experiences of its participants and enlarge their understanding of the history of Siberia, North Eurasia and North America. This project involves collaborations with scientists in the United States, Canada, and Russia, where other genetic markers, samples and demographic data are being analyzed. The educational opportunities provided by this study for undergraduate and graduate students are extensive.

通过对西伯利亚土著人口的遗传分析，已经发现了许多对北欧亚大陆定植的新见解。 这项研究有助于重建史前人类群体定居时运动的时机和方向，并描述了随着它们在文化和语言上彼此不同时发生的遗传多样化过程。 该项目将通过分析生活在祖先西伯利亚人和美洲原住民的祖国的人口中的Y染色体变化来扩展以前的努力，以了解西伯利亚的史前史。更具体地说，该项目将研究居住在俄罗斯阿尔泰共和国的几个种族的人口历史。 这将通过分析Y染色体的分析，在土著芯片体，管状，kumandin和altai-kizhi族群以及阿尔塔亚亚哈萨克人，以及这些阿尔塔亚人的数据比较与这些altaian的数据与其他人在其他锡伯利亚，东亚，中等和新的世界中观察到的altaian群体的比较。 由此产生的数据将有助于阐明西伯利亚阿尔泰 - 萨曼地区的历史，并阐明祖先阿尔塔亚人口在西伯利亚最初定居以及东亚和美洲人民中所扮演的角色。 这项研究将进一步探讨在西伯利亚人口历史的背景下，人口扩展的遗传后果。这项研究将添加来自采样不足的位置和本地人群的新分子数据，这些数据对于理解Altaian和更普遍的西伯利亚人口历史很重要。 这种信息对于理解美洲原住民历史也很重要，因为众所周知，人类主要是通过穿越西伯利亚并进入北美的新世界。 此外，该项目将探讨文化，语言和部落社会结构可能在塑造这些群体遗传变异方面发挥的作用。该项目中概述的Y染色体分析将有助于更大的研究，涉及对几种独立的遗传系统和标记物的分析，包括mtDNA，X染色体和众多常染色体SNP标记。 实际上，对马修·杜利克（Matthew Dulik）涉及的阿尔塔伊人群体的mtDNA变异的分析揭示了北部（切尔坎，管状，库曼丁）和南部（Altai-kizhi）阿尔塔利亚人群之间的差异，以及每个北阿尔泰尔（North Altai）组之间的区别。 此外，mtDNA数据揭示了阿尔泰 - 萨亚地区与西伯利亚和东亚其他地区之间的孕产妇遗传联系。 可以预料，Y染色体数据将进一步详细说明这些模式，并且还提供了北部欧亚大陆男性遗传史的互补观点。该项目的协作性质将极大地促进其参与者的学习经历，并扩大他们对西伯利亚，北欧亚大陆和北美历史的理解。 该项目涉及与美国，加拿大和俄罗斯的科学家的合作，在那里分析了其他遗传标记，样本和人口数据。 本研究为本科生和研究生提供的教育机会是广泛的。