Collaborative Research (SGER): Wildfire Impacts on Catchment Hydrochemistry: Metal and Nutrient Transport after the Day Fire, 2006

合作研究 (SGER)：野火对流域水化学的影响：日间火灾后的金属和养分输送，2006 年

• 批准号: 0707127
• 负责人: Laura Rademacher
• 金额: $ 3万
• 依托单位: University of the Pacific
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-15 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0707127&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; SGER; Wildfire; Impacts

Proposal SummaryWildfire, although a natural and periodic phenomena, has an immediate and sometimes devastatingeffect on watersheds. The impacts of wildfire can include high rates of overland flow, highsedimentation rates, decreased water quality, and destructive debris flows. Southern California isprone to widespread fires at the urban-wildland interface due to its Mediterranean climate (wetwinters, dry summers), prevalent Santa Anna winds during the fall season, and an ever-expandingpopulation which is responsible for igniting many of the observed fires. The Day Fire, whichrecently occurred north of Los Angeles, consumed nearly 254 square miles of National Forest anddesignated wilderness areas. Several major drinking water reservoirs for the metropolitan region arelocated downstream from the Day Fire burn area, presenting an immediate and serious concern forwater resource managers. One of these reservoirs, located on the eastern fringe of the burn, isPyramid Lake, which stores water from the California Aqueduct as well as natural inflows from thePiru Creek watershed. The objective of this proposal is to understand the physical and chemicalmechanisms that control nutrient, metal and other contaminant fluxes in post-fire watersheds, with afocus on the Pyramid Lake reservoir system. A SGER grant is critical to this objective as it allows animmediate field campaign focused on the physical and chemical parameters related to likely primaryproblems.Intellectual Merit. This work addresses fundamental questions on the impacts of fire on metal andnutrient transport and cycling in watershed systems. By enabling coordinated, spatiotemporallydense observations of multiple parameters in terrestrial, aqueous and sediment phases within onewatershed system, we will be able to elucidate complex transport relationships in post-firewatersheds. While there has been considerable literature demonstrating the effects of fire onhydrologic processes, we do not fully understand the relationships between sediment flux andnutrient and metal transport in post-fire systems. Ultimately, we plan to use the collected data todevelop mechanistic and watershed scale models of nutrients, metals and sediment transport in postfirewatershed systems.Broader Impacts. The proposed research represents a unique opportunity to understand a crucial waterquality issue, while also synergizing with on-going hydrological and geomorphologic studies todefine and address issues fundamental to response and recovery in burned watersheds. Our studywill be the first to investigate the potential effects of fire on nutrient and metal transport in a streamreservoirsystem which is an integral part of the regional water supply in a semi-arid region.Ecosystem and water supply managers will be able to utilize information gathered in this study todevelop mitigation and warning strategies for reducing the impacts from increased metal andnutrient fluxes in burned watersheds. This proposal will also contribute to the education of onePh.D. graduate student at UCLA, as well as undergraduate students at the University of the Pacificand UCLA. UCLA undergraduate students will develop undergraduate research projects (taken asCEE199) involving data collection and analysis, field surveys, and/or modeling studies, and Pacificundergraduate students will incorporate data collection and analysis into Senior Thesis projects.

提案摘要野火虽然是一种自然的周期性现象，但对流域具有直接的、有时甚至是毁灭性的影响。野火的影响包括高地表径流、高沉积率、水质下降和破坏性泥石流。由于地中海气候（冬季潮湿、夏季干燥）、秋季盛行的圣安娜风以及不断增长的人口（导致许多已观察到的火灾），南加州在城市与荒地交界处很容易发生大范围火灾。最近发生在洛杉矶北部的白日大火烧毁了近 254 平方英里的国家森林和指定荒野地区。大都市区的几个主要饮用水水库位于日火燃烧区域的下游，这引起了水资源管理者的直接和严重关注。这些水库之一是金字塔湖，位于燃烧区的东部边缘，它储存来自加利福尼亚渡槽的水以及来自皮鲁溪流域的自然流入水。该提案的目的是了解控制火灾后流域养分、金属和其他污染物通量的物理和化学机制，重点关注金字塔湖水库系统。 SGER 拨款对于这一目标至关重要，因为它允许立即开展现场活动，重点关注与可能的主要问题相关的物理和化学参数。智力价值。这项工作解决了火灾对流域系统中金属和养分运输和循环影响的基本问题。通过对一个流域系统内的陆地、水相和沉积物相的多个参数进行协调、时空密集的观测，我们将能够阐明火灾后流域中复杂的传输关系。虽然有大量文献证明火灾对水文过程的影响，但我们并不完全了解火灾后系统中沉积物通量与养分和金属迁移之间的关系。最终，我们计划利用收集到的数据开发火灾后流域系统中营养物、金属和沉积物迁移的机械和流域尺度模型。更广泛的影响。拟议的研究为了解关键的水质问题提供了一个独特的机会，同时也与正在进行的水文和地貌研究相结合，以定义和解决烧毁流域响应和恢复的基本问题。我们的研究将首次调查火灾对河流水库系统中养分和金属运输的潜在影响，该系统是半干旱地区区域供水的一个组成部分。生态系统和供水管理者将能够利用收集的信息这项研究旨在制定缓解和预警策略，以减少被烧毁的流域中金属和营养物通量增加的影响。该提案还将有助于一名博士生的教育。加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究生，以及太平洋大学和加州大学洛杉矶分校的本科生。加州大学洛杉矶分校本科生将开发涉及数据收集和分析、实地调查和/或建模研究的本科研究项目（称为CEE199），太平洋大学本科生将把数据收集和分析纳入高级论文项目。