HCC: Coordinating Communication: Visual, Social & Biological Factors in Grounding for Humans and Agents

HCC：协调沟通：视觉、社交

• 批准号: 0705901
• 负责人: Justine Cassell
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0705901&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HCC; Coordinating; Communication; Visual; Social

With the advent of increasing numbers of increasingly smart machines, there is a growing need to develop technologies that are not only smart, but sensitive to the people and the other machines around them, and sensitive to the context in which they are used. Such an understanding will permit the development of technologies that can coordinate their interactions with humans in a more natural, seamless and fluid fashion. To meet these goals, this research program focuses on three critical yet under-studied contexts of interaction, each of which represents a different constraint upon interpersonal communication: (1) the physical context of shared visual access, (2) the social context of rapport, and (3) the biological context of aging. While some research has been conducted on each of these contextual factors, none has addressed their interaction, nor gathered them into one broader conception of the role of context in interpersonal coordination. This research applies a theory-driven design approach that includes experimental studies, theory development, computational modeling, system implementation and evaluation. In particular, the research program proposes: a) A rigorous study of human-to-human communication using elicitation experiments to develop a more detailed understanding of interpersonal communication across a range of contexts; b) A formalization of the findings into computationally explicit forms that provide predictions of behavior and capture the observed behavioral patterns; c) Integration of the models into a dialogue manager that is implemented within a larger computational architecture; and, d) Evaluation of the implemented system by having untrained humans interact with the system in such a way as to evaluate its effectiveness and reveal gaps in the underlying models as well as in our theoretical understanding.The outcome of this research will advance our theoretical understanding of the role various contextual factors play during interpersonal communication. The results will be useful to a variety of scientific communities including those that study basic human communication (e.g., psychologists, linguists and communication researchers) and those that study interactive computational systems (e.g., computer scientists, computational linguists, and interaction designers). The research will also provide practical design guidelines and a general computational model that describes how machines can make intelligent choices on the basis of these contextual factors during everyday interactions. At a practical level, the general computational model can be applied by technologists developing many different technologies, such as embodied agents, large-scale displays, ubiquitous computing, in-car navigation, and assistive technologies for the elderly and those with cognitive impairments.

随着越来越多的智能机器的越来越多的出现，越来越需要开发不仅智能的技术，而且对周围的人和其他机器敏感，并且对使用的环境敏感。 这样的理解将允许发展可以以更自然，无缝和流畅的方式协调其与人相互作用的技术。为了满足这些目标，该研究计划着重于三个关键但研究不足的互动背景，每个互动都代表了对人际交往的不同约束：（1）共享视觉访问的物理背景，（2）融洽的社会环境，以及（3）衰老的生物学背景。尽管已经对每个上下文因素进行了一些研究，但没有一项研究解决了它们的互动，也没有将它们收集到一个更广泛的概念，即情境在人际关系中的作用。本研究采用了一种理论驱动的设计方法，其中包括实验研究，理论开发，计算建模，系统实施和评估。特别是，研究计划提出：a）对人类到人类交流的严格研究，使用启发实验，以对跨各种环境的人际关系进行更详细的了解； b）将发现的形式化成计算上的显式形式，这些形式提供了行为的预测并捕获观察到的行为模式； c）将模型集成到在较大的计算体系结构中实现的对话管理器中； d）通过使未经训练的人类与系统相互作用，以评估其有效性并揭示基础模型以及我们的理论理解中的差距来评估实施系统的评估。这项研究的结果将提高我们对各种背景因素在人际交往过程中所起的作用的理论理解。结果将对包括研究基本人类交流（例如心理学家，语言学家和交流研究人员）以及研究交互式计算系统（例如计算机科学家，计算语言学家和交互设计师）的各种科学社区有用。这项研究还将提供实用的设计指南和一般计算模型，该模型描述了机器如何根据日常互动期间这些上下文因素做出智能选择。在实用层面上，可以通过开发许多不同技术的技术人员来应用一般计算模型，例如体现的代理，大规模显示，无处不在的计算，车载导航以及针对老年人和认知障碍者的辅助技术。