MIP: Abundance, Diversity, and Activity of Anaerobic Propane- and Butane-Oxidizing Microorganisms at a Hydrothermal Hydrocarbon Seep

MIP：热液烃渗漏处厌氧丙烷和丁烷氧化微生物的丰度、多样性和活性

• 批准号: 0702677
• 负责人: Stefan Sievert
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0702677&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MIP; Abundance; Diversity; Activity; Anaerobic

In many ocean sediments, hydrocarbons can reach high concentrations and are potentially important substrates for microbial communities. One of the most spectacular places where large quantities of hydrocarbons are naturally introduced into the biosphere is the deep-sea hydrothermal vent site in Guaymas Basin, in the Gulf of California. Sediment cores and vent fluids will be collected for microbiological and geochemical studies from the sediment-covered hydrothermal system at Guaymas Basin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in combination with geochemical analyses will be performed to assess the abundance and distribution of previously enriched and isolated organisms. Furthermore, stable isotope probing (SIP) will be utilized to identify microorganisms carrying out anaerobic propane and butane oxidation in situ, and novel organisms utilizing these hydrocarbons will be enriched and isolated under a wide range of conditions. This study will determine the relationship between in situ geochemical conditions at naturally occurring hydrocarbon seeps and the abundance and distribution of anaerobic microorganisms that degrade gaseous hydrocarbons. Anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons greatly expands the range of geologic environments that may support life and has profound implications for our understanding of factors that regulate life and carbon cycling on earth.Results of this investigation have direct relevance to the petroleum industry where a growing number of studies indicate the preferential degradation of propane and butane in subsurface petroleum reservoirs. Thus, a better understanding of the ecology and environmental importance of microorganisms catalyzing this process has implications for deepening our insights of biogeochemical processes in marine sediments, the terrestrial subsurface, and economically viable petroleum accumulations. Broader impacts of this project include the web-based dissemination of data, facilitating the exchange of ideas, and promoting educational and outreach activities. Undergraduate and graduate students will be trained in modern methods of microbial ecology, geobiology, and geochemistry. To further an understanding of the interactions between the biosphere and geosphere, it is becoming increasingly important to educate the future generation of scientists in a way that they are able to converse widely and conduct interdisciplinary research.

在许多海洋沉积物中，碳氢化合物可以达到高浓度，并且是微生物群落的潜在重要底物。自然引入大量碳氢化合物的最壮观的地方之一是加利福尼亚海湾的瓜伊马斯盆地的深海热液通风口。将从瓜伊马斯盆地的沉积物覆盖的热液系统中收集沉积物核心和排气流体进行微生物和地球化学研究。将进行荧光原位杂交（FISH）与地球化学分析的结合，以评估先前富集和分离的生物的丰度和分布。此外，将利用稳定的同位素探测（SIP）来鉴定进行厌氧丙烷和原位进行丁烷氧化的微生物，并且利用这些碳氢化合物的新生物将在各种条件下富集和分离。这项研究将确定天然存在的碳氢化合物渗漏处的原位地球化学条件以及降低气态碳氢化合物的厌氧微生物的丰度和分布。 Anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons greatly expands the range of geologic environments that may support life and has profound implications for our understanding of factors that regulate life and carbon cycling on earth.Results of this investigation have direct relevance to the petroleum industry where a growing number of studies indicate the preferential degradation of propane and butane in subsurface petroleum reservoirs.因此，对催化这一过程的微生物的生态和环境重要性有了更好的理解，这对加深了我们对海洋沉积物，陆地地下和经济可行的石油积累的生物地球化学过程的见解。该项目的更广泛的影响包括基于网络的数据传播，促进思想的交流以及促进教育和外展活动。本科生和研究生将接受现代微生物生态学，地球生物学和地球化学的培训。为了进一步了解生物圈与地质圈之间的相互作用，以一种能够广泛交谈并进行跨学科研究的方式教育科学家的一代越来越重要。