Environmental and Cultural Dynamics in Central Lydia, Western Turkey

土耳其西部吕底亚中部的环境和文化动态

• 批准号: 0649981
• 负责人: Christopher Roosevelt
• 金额: $ 18.32万
• 依托单位: Trustees of Boston University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0649981&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Environmental; Cultural; Dynamics; Central; Lydia

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Christopher H. Roosevelt and Dr. Christina Luke will lead a three-year interdisciplinary research project investigating the relationship between environmental and socio-political change in the part of western Turkey once known as Lydia. Central Lydia, the focus of this project, was the heartland of the Lydian kingdom and subsequent empire during the 7th and 6th centuries BCE. Its capital and only urban center, Sardis, sits on the southern border of the wide Hermos (modern Gediz) River valley and has been occupied since the Late Bronze Age of the 2nd millennium BCE. Across the Hermos River valley from Sardis, the resource-rich Gygaean Lake (modern Marmara Golu) has been a magnet for cultural activities from early prehistoric through modern times, and its surrounding landscapes witnessed the advent of agricultural and settled life in the Neolithic period, increasing socio-political complexity through the Bronze Age, and the appearance of monumental tombs associated with state and empire formation at Sardis in the Iron Age. While archaeological remains in central Lydia have been recognized for many years, this will be the first regionally comprehensive and systematic survey of the area. The project will establish the distribution, nature, and chronology of archaeological sites across central Lydian landscapes and chemically characterize stone and clay sources and artifacts to understand better changes in socio-political complexity through variations in settlement characteristics and degrees of centralization and control in the production of craft and luxury goods.The project focuses specifically on central Lydia in order to determine correlations between changes in social complexity and environmental and landscape dynamics through combining landscape archaeology with paleoenvironmental research. The Gygaean Lake is currently thought to have formed between 6000 and 3000 BCE, and continuous fluctuations in its levels since that time reveal environmental dynamics in addition to the vulnerability of the lake as a key resource for local populations. Investigations will include geomorphic survey, bathymetric survey, and sediment coring to establish and date developmental stages of the Gygaean Lake as well as provide critical data for reconstructions of paleotopography, paleoenvironmental conditions (climate, vegetation, etc.), and human activities (agriculture, metallurgy, etc.). All spatial data will be collected using a differential Global Positioning System (GPS), and all data will be managed, visualized, and analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).This project will increase understanding of relationships between shifts in environmental and socio-political conditions and how cultural responses are reflected across local landscapes in patterns of settlement and artifact production and consumption. In addition to providing fieldwork and research opportunities for training American students, the project will provide opportunities for Turkish students to learn advanced practices of survey and landscape archaeology, important non-destructive branches of field archaeology. In collaboration with local representatives of the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the project will also supply data currently lacking for long-term cultural resource preservation and for the management of archaeological landscapes that are suffering from continuing destruction due to looting and industrial agricultural activities.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，克里斯托弗·H·罗斯福博士和克里斯蒂娜·卢克博士将领导一个为期三年的跨学科研究项目，研究曾经被称为莉迪亚的西部土耳其的环境与社会政治变化之间的关系。该项目的重点是中央莉迪亚（Central Lydia），是公元前7和6世纪的莱迪安王国和随后的帝国的心脏地带。它的首都和唯一的城市中心萨迪斯（Sardis）坐落在宽阔的赫莫斯（Modern Gediz）河谷的南部边界，自公元前第二千年的青铜时代以来就被占领。 Across the Hermos River valley from Sardis, the resource-rich Gygaean Lake (modern Marmara Golu) has been a magnet for cultural activities from early prehistoric through modern times, and its surrounding landscapes witnessed the advent of agricultural and settled life in the Neolithic period, increasing socio-political complexity through the Bronze Age, and the appearance of monumental tombs associated with state and empire formation at Sardis in the Iron 年龄。尽管莉迪亚中部的考古遗体已被认可了很多年，但这将是对该地区的首次全面和系统的调查。该项目将建立跨西里迪亚中部景观中的考古遗址的分布，性质和年表，化学表征石头，粘土来源和人工制品，以了解社会政治复杂性的更好的变化，通过在定居特征的变化和中央集型的变化和控制范围内的环境中的环境中的范围内的环境中的范围和环境中的范围中的各个方面的变化，以确定秩序的范围的变化，以确定序列的环境和控制性。将景观考古学与古环境研究相结合。目前，吉高湖（Gygaean Lake）目前已形成公元前6000至3000年之间，自那时以来，其水平的连续波动揭示了环境动态，除了湖泊的脆弱性是当地人口的关键资源。调查将包括地貌调查，测深调查和沉积物加芯，以建立和日期的吉尔加湖的发育阶段，以及为古环境，古环境条件（气候，植被等）和人类活动（农业，金属等）重建的关键数据提供关键数据。所有空间数据将使用差分全球定位系统（GPS）收集，并使用地理信息系统（GIS）对所有数据进行管理，可视化和分析。该项目将增加对环境和社会政治状况转变之间关系的理解，以及如何在本地景观中重新构图和消费生产和产物生产和艺术品生产的模式中如何对文化反应进行重新构建。除了为培训美国学生提供野外工作和研究机会外，该项目还将为土耳其学生提供学习的机会，以学习调查和景观考古学的先进实践，重要的非毁灭性分支。与土耳其文化和旅游部的当地代表合作，该项目还将提供目前缺乏长期文化资源保护的数据，并管理由于抢劫和工业农业活动而遭受持续破坏的考古景观的管理。