Bridging Spatial Scales Using Phenological Measurements To Improve Understanding of Springtime Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions

使用物候测量桥接空间尺度以提高对春季大气-生物圈相互作用的理解

• 批准号: 0649380
• 负责人: Mark Schwartz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0649380&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Bridging; Spatial; Scales; Using; Phenological

BCS-0649380Mark D SchwartzUniversity of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeEnhancing accuracy of flux estimates at large scales is a critical part of improving understanding of the interactions between global climate change and land surface processes. Current approaches assume that estimates of extremely small areas are representative of larger regions. The timing of leaf flush and subsequent expansion (phenology) during spring, which in tree species is highly sensitive to climate change, in turn has a profound impact on lower atmospheric energy-mass exchange across the landscape. However, spatial variations in the timing of spring phenology at the community level have not been systematically measured and analyzed. If large, these variations may reflect gradients in plant growth during spring leaf development that could foster systematic errors in seasonal fluxes of equal or greater magnitude than those during the height of the growing season. Thus, phenological data collected in a spatially explicit manner offer considerable opportunities for gauging landscape-level spatial variations crucial for accurate scaling-up of flux measurements to larger areas or downscaling regional-scale atmospheric circulation models. In this project, spatial variability of spring phenological data will be measured and analyzed at the community level, and then compared to the microenvironment and remote sensing measurements. The detailed spatially concentrated phenological measurements and spatial analyses that proceed from this study will lay the foundation for future work that explicitly links phenological variations with plant physiological responses. The spatially concentrated phenological measures produced by this study will provide concurrent remote sensing studies being conducted at the study site with a record of spring plant development and growth that contains vastly more information about species differences, spatial variability, and precise event timing that has typically been recorded in the past. These measures will present new opportunities for comparison and validation of the satellite-derived measures, and may lead to consideration of adoption of similar phenological monitoring schemes at additional sites. Overall, the results of this project will also contribute to better understanding of the impacts of climate change on the biosphere, which will increase knowledge of potential future changes, and may allow for better planning relative to societal impacts.This project will address issues that are significant for advancement across the fields of climatology, plant physiological ecology, and remote sensing. Phenological (onset of spring plant growth) variability in space and time has not been previously recorded over a large area nor combined with supporting measurements. Understanding spatial patterns of spring plant phenological development (and the processes that drive them) may be the key knowledge needed to improve larger area estimates of the flow of water vapor and carbon dioxide derived from moderate resolution remote sensing data. The results will contribute to broader understanding of landscape variability, atmosphere-biosphere interactions, and produce measurements that are necessary to accurately scale-up measurements to larger areas.

BCS-0649380 Marks d schwartzuniversity在大尺度上通量估计的米尔沃基文精度是提高对全球气候变化与土地表面过程之间相互作用的了解的关键部分。 当前的方法假定，对极小区域的估计代表了较大地区。 春季期间叶片冲洗和随后的膨胀时间（物候）对气候变化高度敏感，进而对整个景观中的大气质量交换产生了深远的影响。但是，尚未系统地测量和分析春季物候位时期的空间变化。 如果较大，这些变化可能会反映春季叶片发育过程中植物生长的梯度，与在生长季节的高处相比，季节性通量相等或更大的季节性通量可能会导致系统错误。 因此，以空间明确的方式收集的物候数据为衡量景观级的空间变化提供了相当大的机会，对于准确扩大通量测量到较大面积或降低区域尺度大气循环模型至关重要。 在该项目中，将在社区层面测量和分析春季物候数据的空间变异性，然后将其与微环境和遥感测量值进行比较。 这项研究进行的详细空间集中的物候测量和空间分析将为将来的工作奠定基础，将物候变异与植物生理反应联系起来。 这项研究产生的空间浓缩的物候措施将提供在研究地点进行的并发遥感研究，记录了春季植物发育和生长的记录，其中包含有关物种差异，空间可变性以及通常记录在过去的精确事件时机的更多信息。 这些措施将为比较和验证卫星衍生的措施提供新的机会，并可能导致考虑在其他站点采用类似的物候监测方案。 总体而言，该项目的结果还将有助于更好地理解气候变化对生物圈的影响，这将增加对潜在的未来变化的了解，并可以相对于社会影响进行更好的计划。该项目将解决对气候学，植物生理生态学和远程感应领域发展的重要问题。以前没有在大面积上记录时期和时间上的物候（春季植物生长的发作），也没有与支持测量相结合。了解春季植物物候开发的空间模式（以及驱动它们的过程）可能是改善从中等分辨率遥感数据得出的水蒸气和二氧化碳流量的更大面积估计所需的关键知识。结果将有助于更广泛地了解景观变异性，大气 - 双性恋相互作用，并产生对准确扩展测量到较大区域的必要测量结果。