Toward Unraveling the Morphological Plasticity and Genome Redundancy of Brassica Oleracea

揭示甘蓝的形态可塑性和基因组冗余

• 批准号: 0638536
• 负责人: Joseph Pires
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0638536&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Toward; Unraveling; Morphological; Plasticity; Genome

PI: J. Christopher Pires (University of Missouri)Co-PIs: Christopher D. Town (The Institute for Genomic Research), Andrew H. Paterson (University of Georgia)Brassica oleracea represents one of the most spectacular examples of plant morphological change brought about by human domestication and is emerging as a plant model in much the same manner that the dog is emerging as a model for mammal domestication. Domestication of most crops has resulted in enhancement of a single plant part for use by humans, such as the seeds of grains, the fruits of trees, or the roots of some vegetables. In contrast, B. oleracea has domesticated forms that have been selected for changes in several plant parts, including vegetative meristems (cabbages), stems (kohlrabi, marrowstem kale), leaf axils and leaves (Brussels sprouts, kales), and floral meristems (broccoli, cauliflower). Additional variation is found in close Brassica relatives, such as the leaves and roots of B. rapa morphotypes (Pak-choi, Chinese cabbage and root turnip) and high seed yields of oilseed B. rapa and B. napus, being developed for biofuels. This extraordinary morphological diversity, together with its close relationship to Arabidopsis, makes B. oleracea an especially attractive system in which to elucidate fundamental biological processes. Genome sequence and associated resources will be developed to expedite molecular dissection of the morphological variation in B. oleracea, and contribute to a framework for investigating the relationship between this morphological variation and the structure and function of its genome. To better understand B. oleracea domestication, the project will also compare the ancient duplicated chromosomal regions of Brassica to the non-duplicated regions in Sisymbrium. Sisymbrium has been recently found to be much more closely related to Brassica than Arabidopsis. A physical map of a self-compatible rapid-cycling model genotype of B. oleracea will be developed using high-coverage genomic library, and 30-35 corresponding genomic regions sequenced from Sisymbrium and B. oleracea. These sequences will be compared to each other and to B. rapa and Arabidopsis to shed new light on the pattern and tempo of genetic change in the Brassicaeae. These resources will lay the foundation for a worldwide community of researchers to dissect the genetic control of specific traits in B. oleracea as well as test hypotheses about the relationship between morphological change and genomic processes. Project activities are being coordinated with the Multinational Brassica Genome Project (http://www.brassica.info/).The project will take advantage of the integration of Brassica into many classrooms through the long-standing use of Wisconsin rapid-cycling Brassica Fast Plants. An NSF GK-12 program and corresponding activities at University of Georgia will provide a testing ground for implementation of research-based educational materials.Access to project outcomes The primary outcome of the project will be Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) and BAC-end sequences, which will be deposited in Genbank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The project web site, which will be accessible via http://www.plantgroup.org/cpires.html, will include annotated sequences as well as integrated genetic-cytomolecular maps.

PI：J. Christopher Pires（密苏里大学）Co-PI：Christopher D. Town（基因组研究所）、Andrew H. Paterson（佐治亚大学）甘蓝是植物形态变化最引人注目的例子之一大约是由人类驯化引起的，并且正在作为植物模型出现，就像狗作为哺乳动物驯化模型一样。 大多数农作物的驯化已经增强了人类使用的单一植物部分，例如谷物的种子、树木的果实或某些蔬菜的根。 相比之下，甘蓝的驯化形式已被选择用于多个植物部分的变化，包括营养分生组织（卷心菜）、茎（大头菜、甘蓝）、叶腋和叶（球芽甘蓝、羽衣甘蓝）和花分生组织（西兰花、花椰菜）。在芸苔属近亲中还发现了其他变异，例如白菜形态型（小白菜、大白菜和萝卜）的叶和根，以及正在开发用于生物燃料的油籽白菜和欧洲油菜的高种子产量。这种非凡的形态多样性，加上它与拟南芥的密切关系，使甘蓝成为阐明基本生物过程的特别有吸引力的系统。将开发基因组序列和相关资源，以加快对甘蓝形态变异的分子解剖，并为研究这种形态变异与其基因组结构和功能之间的关系做出贡献。为了更好地了解甘蓝驯化，该项目还将比较芸苔属的古代重复染色体区域与 Sisymbrium 的非重复染色体区域。 最近发现 Sisymbrium 与芸苔属的关系比与拟南芥的关系更为密切。 将使用高覆盖率基因组文库以及从 Sisymbrium 和 B. oleracea 测序的 30-35 个相应基因组区域来开发甘蓝自相容快速循环模型基因型的物理图谱。 这些序列将相互比较，并与白菜和拟南芥进行比较，以揭示十字花科遗传变化的模式和节奏。这些资源将为全球研究人员剖析甘蓝特定性状的遗传控制以及测试有关形态变化和基因组过程之间关系的假设奠定基础。项目活动正在与跨国芸苔属基因组计划 (http://www.brassica.info/) 协调。该项目将通过长期使用威斯康星州快速循环芸苔属快速将芸苔属融入许多教室。植物。 NSF GK-12 计划和佐治亚大学的相应活动将为实施基于研究的教育材料提供一个试验场。获得项目成果该项目的主要成果将是细菌人工染色体 (BAC) 和 BAC 末端序列，将存入 Genbank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)。该项目网站可通过 http://www.plantgroup.org/cpires.html 访问，其中包括带注释的序列以及集成的遗传细胞分子图谱。