Collaborative Research: The carbon balance of Lake Superior: Modeling lake processes and understanding impacts on the regional carbon budget

合作研究：苏必利尔湖的碳平衡：模拟湖泊过程并了解对区域碳预算的影响

• 批准号: 0628560
• 负责人: Galen McKinley
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-10-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0628560&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; carbon; balance; Lake

The North American Carbon Program (NACP) intends (1) to develop quantitative scientific knowledge, robust observations, and models to determine emissions and uptake of CO2, CH4 and CO, changes in carbon stocks, and factors regulating these processes for North America and adjacent ocean basins; and (2) to develop the scientific basis for full carbon accounting on regional and continental scales. The Laurentian GreatLakes cover 25% of the land area of the 8 Great Lakes states, and CO2 emission and seasonal cycling from them may be comparable to local terrestrial ecosystems. Though their contributions to the regional carbon balance may be significant, these fluxes are currently poorly understood. CO2 fluxes from Lake Superior are of particular interest because they may directly impact observations at nearby AmeriFlux towers, yet due to the current lack of quantification, Lake Superior fluxes are presently neglected in analysis of these data.Motivated by the need for improved knowledge of Great Lake CO2 fluxes, this project will couple an ecosystem-carbon module with an existing hydrodynamic model of Lake Superior. This model will lead to estimates of the air-water CO2 fluxes and their spatial and temporal variability. New observations to improve knowledge of carbon cycling in winter and to constrain the model will also be obtained. With model output, the impact of Lake Superior CO2 fluxes on observations at AmeriFlux towers and on the regional carbon budget will be evaluated. The five key research questions are:1. What is the magnitude of the air-water carbon flux in Lake Superior?2. How are the fluxes influenced by variability in the physical climate?3. How does Lake Superior's carbon cycle behave in winter?4. What are the most important uncertainties in the Lake Superior carbon budget?5. How do Lake Superior carbon fluxes impact the regional carbon budget?This project brings together an interdisciplinary team to improve understanding of the "complex relationships between and within the global water and carbon cycles". By jointly considering coastal carbon processing and terrestrial carbon budgets, this project addresses research priorities of both the Ocean and Earth Sciences divisions.Broader ImpactsThis project will address fundamental questions about the upper Midwest carbon budget, improve knowledge of coastal carbon cycling, and generate a set of research priorities for future study of Great Lakes. Two students and one postdoc will learn about Lake Superior carbon cycling using data and models, and the project will increase regional collaborations for Great Lakes carbon science. Undergraduates from under-represented groups will actively participate in the project through MTU's REU program. The team will also work to communicate their findings to the general public.

北美碳计划（NACP）打算（1）开发定量的科学知识，强大的观察结果和模型，以确定CO2，CH4和CO的排放和吸收，碳库存的变化以及调节北美和相邻海洋盆地这些过程的因素； （2）在区域和大陆尺度上建立完整的碳核算的科学基础。 Laurentian Greatlakes占了8个大湖国家的土地面积的25％，二氧化碳的排放和季节性循环可能与当地的陆地生态系统相媲美。尽管它们对区域碳平衡的贡献可能很重要，但这些通量目前对这些通量的了解很少。来自苏必利尔湖的二氧化碳通量特别令人感兴趣，因为它们可能直接影响附近的Ameriflux塔的观察结果，但由于目前缺乏量化，目前在分析这些数据时被忽略了苏必利尔湖的通量。由于需要改善对大湖CO2通量的知识，因此该项目的需求将成为现有的生态系统模块型湖泊模型。该模型将导致对空气 - 水二氧化碳通量及其空间和时间变异性的估计。还将获得新的观察结果，以提高冬季碳循环并限制模型的知识。随着模型输出，将评估Superior Superior CO2通量对Ameriflux塔的观测以及区域碳预算的影响。五个关键的研究问题是：1。苏必利尔湖中的空气水碳通量的大小是多少？2。磁通量如何受物理气候变化的影响？3。苏必利尔湖的碳循环在冬季如何表现？4。上级碳预算中最重要的不确定性是什么？5。苏必利尔湖通量如何影响区域碳预算？该项目汇集了一个跨学科团队，以提高人们对“全球水和碳周期之间的复杂关系”的理解。通过共同考虑沿海碳加工和陆生碳预算，该项目解决了海洋和地球科学部门的研究优先级。BroaderImpactsSuns将解决有关中西部碳循环的知识的基本问题，并提高了对沿海碳循环的知识，并为未来的大湖人研究提供了一套研究优先级。两名学生和一个博士后将使用数据和模型了解苏必利尔湖循环，该项目将增加大湖碳科学的区域合作。来自代表性不足的小组的大学生将通过MTU的REU计划积极参与该项目。该团队还将致力于将他们的发现传达给公众。