Collaborative Research: Representation and the Intersections of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity

合作研究：性别、种族和民族的代表性和交叉点

• 批准号: 0618349
• 负责人: Kerry Haynie
• 金额: $ 11.8万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-15 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0618349&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Representation; Intersections; Gender

This collaborative research breaks new ground in the study of the political representation by bringing together and integrating perspectives on race, ethnicity, and gender. The past few decades have witnessed tremendous changes in the politics of race, ethnicity, and gender in the U.S., not the least of which is the simultaneous growth in the numbers of women and of racial and ethnic minorities in public office. This study examines the complex and conditional processes by which these female and/or minority lawmakers succeed or fail to enhance the substantive policy interests of women, women of color, and racial/ethnic minorities. It explores not only the ways in which the representation of race, the representation of ethnicity, and the representation of gender are both similar and different; but also the ways in which efforts to represent the policy interests of women and of various racial and ethnic minorities are linked. Thus, the primary questions motivating this research are: how might the representation of women and of racial and ethnic minorities be linked and how might those linkages be affected by the political and institutional contexts in which they do or do not take place?To address these questions, this study takes a very close and extensive look at the policymaking activities of state legislators male and female, of all races and ethnicities, across multiple states, and over multiple decades. First, it examines the legislation proposed and sponsored by Black female and Latina state legislators (in comparison to their colleagues proposals) to shed light on how lawmakers who may identify with multiple groups, and see themselves as representing multiple group interests, participate in the agenda-setting stages of the policy making process. Next, it explores the formation of legislative coalitions across gender, racial, and ethnic lines by examining and explaining patterns in the co-sponsorship of bills. Finally, this study investigates how state policy outcomes are affected by the presence and activities of women and minority legislators. Of special concern is whether the fates of gender and race-related policies are linked by the efforts of women of color or by coalitions of women and/or racial-ethnic minorities within these lawmaking bodies.To conduct this research on representation and the politics of race, ethnicity, and gender in the American states, the Principal Investigators created three inter-related databases: one on individual state legislators and their districts, one on bills introduced by those legislators, and one on the political, socioeconomic, and institutional characteristics of each state and state legislature. To construct these databases, information was gathered from 25 states, at four-year intervals starting with 1981 and continuing up to 2005. Collectively, these states are representative of all fifty states on several important dimensions including: proportions of women, African Americans, and Latinos in the state legislature; party control (Democrat or Republican); ideological climate (liberal, moderate, or conservative); and electoral competition. The availability of these databases to the wider scholarly community should spur a great deal more research on race, ethnicity, gender, and political representation as they are manifest throughout the policy making process, within and across various historical and institutional contexts.

这项合作研究通过汇集和整合种族、民族和性别的观点，在政治代表性研究中开辟了新天地。过去几十年，美国的种族、族裔和性别政治发生了巨大变化，其中最重要的是担任公职的女性和少数族裔人数同时增长。本研究探讨了这些女性和/或少数族裔立法者成功或未能增强妇女、有色人种妇女和少数种族/族裔的实质性政策利益的复杂且有条件的过程。它不仅探讨了种族表征、族裔表征和性别表征的相似和不同方式；还包括代表妇女和各种族和族裔少数群体的政策利益的努力之间的联系方式。因此，推动这项研究的主要问题是：妇女与少数种族和族裔的代表性如何联系起来，以及这些联系发生或不发生的政治和制度背景如何影响这些联系？问题，本研究非常仔细和广泛地研究了州立法者（男性和女性、所有种族和族裔、跨多个州、数十年来的决策活动）。首先，它研究了黑人女性和拉丁裔州立法者提出和发起的立法（与她们的同事提案相比），以阐明可能认同多个群体并认为自己代表多个群体利益的立法者如何参与议程- 政策制定过程的设定阶段。接下来，它通过检查和解释法案共同提案的模式，探讨了跨越性别、种族和族裔界线的立法联盟的形成。最后，本研究调查了女性和少数族裔立法者的存在和活动如何影响国家政策结果。特别值得关注的是，性别和种族相关政策的命运是否与有色人种女性的努力或这些立法机构中的妇女和/或少数种族联盟联系在一起。针对美国各州的种族、民族和性别，首席调查员创建了三个相互关联的数据库：一个关于各个州立法者及其选区，一个关于这些立法者提出的法案，一个关于政治、社会经济和制度每个州和州立法机构的特点。为了构建这些数据库，我们从 25 个州收集了信息，从 1981 年开始一直持续到 2005 年，每隔四年收集一次信息。总的来说，这些州在几个重要方面代表了所有 50 个州，包括：女性、非裔美国人和白人的比例。州议会中的拉丁裔；政党控制（民主党或共和党）；意识形态氛围（自由、温和或保守）；和选举竞争。这些数据库对更广泛的学术界的可用性应该会刺激对种族、族裔、性别和政治代表性的更多研究，因为它们在整个政策制定过程中、在各种历史和制度背景下和之间都显而易见。