Doctoral Dissertation Research: 19th Century Meteorology and Climatology in Kansas

博士论文研究：堪萨斯州 19 世纪气象学和气候学

• 批准号: 0622894
• 负责人: David Stahle
• 金额: $ 0.7万
• 依托单位: University of Arkansas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0622894&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; 19th; Century

Kansas and the central Great Plains are subject to dramatic weather and climate extremes that have major impacts on the important agricultural economy of the region. Excellent daily instrumental records of nineteenth century weather and climate exist for Kansas (e.g. Fort Leavenworth which begins in July 1827), but have not been evaluated systematically. Much of our understanding of past nineteenth century climate in interior North America are the result of tree-ring reconstructions. The detailed daily weather observations from the nineteenth century that exist in historical microfilms, newspapers, and diaries can provide much greater detail than is possible with tree-ring data. This research project will launch a comprehensive study to: 1) reconstruct daily nineteenth century temperature in Kansas and link it seamlessly with the modern record from 1828-2006. 2) Reconstruct nineteenth century precipitation in Kansas on a daily to annual basis from 1836-2006. 3) Describe and analyze the synoptic conditions for five severe blizzards of the late nineteenth century in Kansas. A suite of the best instrumental and documentary records will be utilized in order to achieve these objectives including Fort Leavenworth, Manhattan, Fort Scott, and Fort Dodge. Daily nineteenth century temperature and precipitation data will be assessed and corrected using twentieth century weather data to make them directly comparable with observational practices of the modern instrumental record. This study will produce the longest unbiased instrumental temperature and precipitation record in the central Great Plains starting in June 1828 for temperature and May 1836 for precipitation and running continuously to the present. The resulting data will be used to answer several intriguing questions. Has there been a significant secular trend in seasonal temperatures over the past 178 years? Was the mid-nineteenth century drought more severe than the Dust Bowl? Has there been a change in winter storm frequency? Were cold waves more severe in the nineteenth century?This study will document climate variability and climate change in the central United States before and during the period of anthropogenic alteration of the global climate system. This research will provide new nineteenth century data to calibrate proxy climate records (e.g. tree-rings) and assist in climate modeling studies. The methods used in this study will be relevant to future studies of daily historical climate data. The results of this research will be made available to the public and especially schools for their use in evaluating climate variability in the state of Kansas. The results will also be disseminated in literature and presented at scholarly meetings. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

堪萨斯州和中部大平原受到戏剧性的天气和极端气候，对该地区重要的农业经济产生了重大影响。 堪萨斯州有19世纪的天气和气候的出色每日工具记录（例如，莱文沃思堡（Fort Leavenworth）于1827年7月开始），但没有系统地进行评估。 我们对北美内部室内十九世纪气候的大部分理解是树木环重建的结果。 历史缩微胶卷，报纸和日记中存在的十九世纪的详细天气观察可以提供的细节比用树环数据提供的更大的细节。 该研究项目将启动一项全面的研究：1）重建堪萨斯州的每日19世纪温度，并将其与1828 - 2006年的现代记录无缝连接。 2）从1836- 2006年每天重建堪萨斯州的19世纪降水量。 3）描述和分析堪萨斯州十九世纪后期五次严重暴风雪的概要条件。 将利用一套最好的乐器和纪录片记录，以实现这些目标，包括莱文沃思堡，曼哈顿，斯科特堡和道奇堡。 每日19世纪的温度和降水数据将使用二十世纪的天气数据进行评估和纠正，以使它们与现代工具记录的观察性实践直接相提并论。 这项研究将在1828年6月开始在中央大平原上产生最长的公正仪器温度和降水记录。 结果数据将用于回答几个有趣的问题。 在过去的178年中，季节性温度有明显的世俗趋势吗？ 十九世纪中叶的干旱比尘土碗更严重吗？ 冬季风暴频率发生了变化吗？ 冷浪在19世纪更为严重吗？这项研究将记录全球气候系统人为变化之前和期间美国中部的气候变化和气候变化。 这项研究将提供新的十九世纪数据，以校准代理气候记录（例如树环）并协助气候建模研究。 本研究中使用的方法将与对日常历史气候数据的未来研究有关。 这项研究的结果将提供给公众，尤其是学校，以评估堪萨斯州的气候变异性。 结果还将在文献中传播，并在学术会议上提出。 作为博士学位论文研究改进奖，该奖项将提供支持，使有前途的学生能够建立强大的独立研究职业。