Collaborative Research: Brazil's Direct Action Land Reform Movement: Environmental Impacts and Socio-Spatial Dynamics

合作研究：巴西直接行动土地改革运动：环境影响和社会空间动态

• 批准号: 0522062
• 负责人: Cynthia Simmons
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-15 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0522062&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Brazil; Direct; Action

This project addresses Direct Action Land Reform (DALR) in the Brazilian Amazon. DALR is defined here as a social and political process involving mobilization of the poor, the contentious occupation of public or private lands, and the formalization of land holdings in the wake of occupation. DALR is a widespread social movement in present-day Brazil spearheaded by organizations, like the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), that have grown impatient with the federal government's efforts at land reform. DALR is to be distinguished from state-led efforts at settlement, which have a long history in the country. This research project is motivated, in particular, by possible environmental impacts associated with DALR, since movement occupations are increasingly targeting land in the Amazon Basin. The research activities involve fieldwork in Para and Rondonia, two states in the Brazilian Amazon where DALR is particularly prevalent. The primary objective is to shed light on this unstudied, important factor in the region's land cover change processes. The project employs a suite of methods to improve and systematize a comprehensive understanding of three significant aspects of DALR, namely the strategic use of space by movement leaders, alterations in classical migratory patterns that have resulted from DALR, and environmental implications associated with land occupations in the Amazon. These methods include (1) key informant interviews to document the spatial strategies used by movement leaders; (2) demographic analysis of census microdata to assess DALR related migration impacts; (3) regression analyses to compare deforestation on properties with and without DALR land occupations; and (4), household surveys on land occupation sites to assess migration histories, agricultural experience, and land use practices. Although much research has addressed tropical deforestation, little is known about the impact of social movements on this process of land cover change Filling this knowledge gap will complement previous research and is essential for full comprehension of the factors driving loss of forests in the Amazon and in other parts of the tropical world affected by politically-inspired land settlement. In addition, the multifaceted nature of DALR makes research on this topic important for understanding political movements and democratization, as well as frontier migration patterns. The project will likely have impacts reaching beyond academic contributions because DALR has become a subject of debate among policymakers and civil society constituencies in Brazil. In particular, this research bears implications for regional development and conservation initiatives in that country. If DALR provides social benefits to the rural poor while leading to deforestation and unsustainable land use, the research will help document the need to restructure agrarian and land reform in Brazil in the interests of both social welfare and environmental sustainability.

该项目涉及巴西亚马逊的直接行动土地改革（DALR）。 Dalr在这里被定义为一个社会和政治进程，涉及动员穷人，有争议的公共或私人土地的占领以及在占领之后对土地持有的形式化。 达尔（Dalr）是当今巴西的广泛社会运动。 达尔将与国有领导的和解的努力区分开来，该定居在该国历史悠久。 由于运动职业越来越多地针对亚马逊盆地的土地，因此特别是通过与DALR相关的可能的环境影响激发了该研究项目。研究活动涉及在巴拉岛和朗多尼亚的实地考察，这是达尔尤为普遍的巴西亚马逊的两个州。 主要目的是阐明该地区土地覆盖变化过程中的这个未研究的重要因素。该项目采用了一套方法来改善和系统化对DALR的三个重要方面的全面理解，即运动领导者对空间的战略使用，DALR导致的经典迁徙模式的改变以及与亚马逊地区土地占领相关的环境影响。这些方法包括（1）关键的线人访谈，以记录运动领导者使用的空间策略； （2）人口统计学微数据的人口统计学分析，以评估DALR相关的迁移影响； （3）回归分析以比较有或没有达尔土地职业的财产的森林砍伐； （4），对土地占领地点进行家庭调查，以评估移民历史，农业经验和土地利用实践。 尽管许多研究已经解决了热带森林砍伐，但对社会运动对这种填充这种知识差距的土地覆盖过程的影响知之甚少，这将补充先前的研究，对于驱动亚马逊森林造成的因素以及受政治灵感的土地结构影响的热带世界和热带世界其他地区的因素至关重要。 此外，DALR的多方面性质使对理解政治运动和民主化以及边境移民模式的研究重要。该项目可能会产生超出学术贡献的影响，因为达尔已成为巴西决策者和民间社会选区中辩论的主题。特别是，这项研究对该国的区域发展和保护计划产生了影响。如果达尔（Dalr）在导致森林砍伐和不可持续的土地利用的同时为农村穷人提供社会利益，该研究将有助于记录为了社会福利和环境可持续性的利益而重组巴西农业和土地改革的需求。