Ceramic Style and Social Inequality at Ancestral Pueblo Villages in East-central Arizona

亚利桑那州中东部普韦布洛祖先村庄的陶瓷风格和社会不平等

• 批准号: 0511847
• 负责人: Scott Van Keuren
• 金额: $ 8.72万
• 依托单位: Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2007-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0511847&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ceramic; Style; Social; Inequality; Ancestral

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Scott Van Keuren and a team of students and colleagues will conduct archaeological fieldwork at two large Ancestral Pueblo villages in the Silver Creek drainage, Arizona. The project will investigate the origins of iconographic-style pottery during the early Pueblo IV period (AD 1300 to 1400), a time when village size increases and large central plazas are expanded throughout the Pueblo world. These changes in public architecture and painted ceramics are viewed by many as evidence for the appearance of integrative religious ideologies. However, the iconographic-style pottery (Fourmile style White Mountain Red Ware) was widely imitated by potters throughout the region who failed to accurately render its symbolic imagery. This pattern of emulation raises the possibility that polychrome bowls were made by fewer numbers of potters who worked with an increasingly secretive body of decorative and technological knowledge. The project will address three key questions: Where were iconographic-style pots produced? Were these containers produced by specialists? And did the shift from geometric- to iconographic-style involve changes in the materialization of social status and prestige? Dr. Scott Van Keuren will conduct excavations at Fourmile and Pinedale ruins, two villages in the drainage dating to the period when iconographic-style pottery was first manufactured. Both were possible pottery production centers but have not been extensively studied. Analyses of chemical composition and petrography will first resolve critical questions about where these pots were produced. Measures of micro-scale technological and decorative variability (e.g., the sequence of paint brushstroke application, mineral paint recipes) will then be used to examine how crafting-knowledge was circulated, reproduced, and imitated among fourteenth century potters. The project data will ultimately address the broader relationship between craft specialization and emergent social inequality, a topic of particular concern to scholars interested in the development of political complexity in prehistoric societies. In addition to addressing timely issues in Pueblo prehistory, the project will develop education activities and public outreach to serve both the Native and non-Native American groups who reside in the rural landscapes of the project area. Dr. Van Keuren will train teams of high school, undergraduate, and graduate students to conduct both laboratory analyses and fieldwork. He and his students will develop community outreach programs that promote local stewardship and preservation of the heavily-looted archaeological resources in this region. In conjunction with site tours, public presentations, and other opportunities for dialogue, the project will expand current efforts to translate scientific findings to diverse audiences and engage local communities and tribal groups in research and preservation archaeology. The results of the project will be widely disseminated through a project website (www-rcf.usc.edu/~vankeure/SHAP/SHAP_main.htm), collaborative papers and presentations by researchers and students, and a comprehensive project report.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，斯科特·范科伦博士和一群学生和同事将在亚利桑那州银溪流域的两个大型祖先普韦布洛村庄进行考古实地考察。 该项目将调查早期普韦布洛四世时期（公元 1300 年至 1400 年）肖像风格陶器的起源，当时村庄规模不断扩大，整个普韦布洛世界的大型中央广场不断扩大。 许多人将公共建筑和彩绘陶瓷的这些变化视为综合宗教意识形态出现的证据。 然而，图像式陶器（四里式白山红器）被各地陶艺家广泛模仿，但未能准确地呈现其象征意象。 这种模仿模式提出了一种可能性，即彩碗是由少数陶艺家制作的，而这些陶艺家的装饰和技术知识却越来越秘密。 该项目将解决三个关键问题：图像风格的罐子是在哪里生产的？ 这些容器是由专家生产的吗？ 从几何风格到图像风格的转变是否涉及社会地位和声望的物质化的变化？ 斯科特·范科伦 (Scott Van Keuren) 博士将在四英里 (Fourmile) 和派恩代尔 (Pinedale) 遗址进行发掘，这两个位于流域内的村庄的历史可以追溯到首次制造肖像风格陶器的时期。 两者都可能是陶器生产中心，但尚未得到广泛研究。 对化学成分和岩相学的分析将首先解决有关这些陶器产地的关键问题。 然后，将使用微观技术和装饰变异性的测量（例如，绘画笔触应用的顺序、矿物颜料配方）来研究工艺知识如何在十四世纪的陶艺家中传播、复制和模仿。 该项目数据最终将解决手工艺专业化与新兴社会不平等之间更广泛的关系，这是对史前社会政治复杂性发展感兴趣的学者特别关注的话题。 除了及时解决普韦布洛史前问题外，该项目还将开展教育活动和公共宣传活动，为居住在项目地区乡村地区的美国原住民和非原住民群体提供服务。 Van Keuren 博士将培训高中生、本科生和研究生团队进行实验室分析和实地考察。 他和他的学生将制定社区外展计划，以促进当地管理和保护该地区遭到严重掠夺的考古资源。 结合实地参观、公开演讲和其他对话机会，该项目将扩大目前的努力，将科学发现转化为不同的受众，并让当地社区和部落群体参与研究和保存考古学。 该项目的成果将通过项目网站（www-rcf.usc.edu/~vankeure/SHAP/SHAP_main.htm）、研究人员和学生的合作论文和演示以及综合项目报告进行广泛传播。