Collaborative Research: Impact of Legitimacy by Endorsement on Coalition Formation in Power Structures

合作研究：认可的合法性对权力结构中联盟形成的影响

• 批准号: 0456064
• 负责人: David Willer
• 金额: $ 12.58万
• 依托单位: University South Carolina Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0456064&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Impact; Legitimacy; Endorsement

SES-0456064David WillerUniversity of South CarolinaSES-0455926Henry WalkerUniversity of ArizonaThis research integrates two major sociological theoretical research perspectives-Network Exchange Theory and Legitimacy Theory-to study the effects of legitimacy by endorsement on coalition formation in strong power structures. From Network Exchange Theory (NET), experiments have been completed to show that high-power central actors reap maximal benefits at exchange and low-power peripherals get minimal rewards. At issue for this research is whether low power actors will act to form coalitions and oppose the power exercised over them and, if so, with what effectiveness. Legitimacy Theory (LT) argues that group members are more likely to take actions that are collectively legitimized. When applied to exchange network processes, LT implies that low power actors are more likely to initiate coalition activity, to actually form coalitions, and to act effectively in them when coalition formation has been legitimized. The current experiments will study the effects of legitimacy by endorsement. In LT, endorsement refers to the approval or support that low power actors give to various elements of social situations including actors, positions or roles, behaviors and the rules that link actors, roles and behaviors. In this experimental study, subjects will complete a series of negotiations and exchanges in two-part. In Part 1, subjects negotiate exchanges independently. No one is given the opportunity to form a coalition. Joint application of NET and LT implies that subjects are most likely to initiate coalition formation and to actually form coalitions in the High Endorsement treatment and least likely to do so in the Low Endorsement condition with the control condition falling between. Coalitions are expected to be more stable (i.e., members are less likely to defect) and more effective in the High Endorsement condition and least stable and least effective in the Low Endorsement condition. A coalition's effectiveness is measured by the extent of its success in countervailing power. The two-structure design permits observation of size effects on coalition formation, stability and effectiveness, and permits tests of more than 20 additional theoretical predictions.BROADER IMPACTThe theory of collective action offers a quite gloomy picture for the prospects of acting collectively. Nevertheless, collective actions do succeed and, when they do, often that theory is silent. Do they succeed at times because of the effects of legitimacy? This research will answer that question. The research will enhance sociology's infrastructure by adding its coalition designs to the Web-Lab housed at the University of South Carolina (weblab.moore.sc.edu). Like all Web-Lab designs, researchers at any location in the U.S. or elsewhere will be able to access these. The USC laboratory contributes to research-based learning, offering undergraduate and graduate classes using the Web-Lab. Designs used in this research will importantly enhance that course work. The USC laboratory also enhances diversity among student researchers. Currently, the majority of student researchers are women and, in a typical year, 20% of student researchers are African-American.

SES-0456064DAVID Willeruniversity的Arizonathis Research的Walkeruniversity的Arizonathis Research的Walkeruniversity整合了两个主要的社会学理论研究观点 - 网络网络交换理论和合法性理论，研究对强大强化结构中联盟形成合法性的影响。从网络交换理论（NET）中，已经完成了实验，以表明高功率中央参与者在交换中获得最大收益，而低功率外围设备获得最小的奖励。这项研究的争议是，低功率参与者是否会采取行动组成联盟并反对对他们行使的权力，如果是的话，是否有效力。合法性理论（LT）认为，小组成员更有可能采取合法化的行动。当应用于交换网络流程时，LT暗示，低功率参与者更有可能发起联盟活动，实际组成联盟，并在合法化联盟时有效地在其中有效地行动。当前的实验将通过认可研究合法性的影响。在LT中，认可是指低权力参与者对社会情况各个要素的批准或支持，包括参与者，职位或角色，行为以及将演员，角色和行为联系起来的规则。在这项实验研究中，受试者将以两部分完成一系列的谈判和交流。在第1部分中，受试者独立谈判交流。没有人有机会组建联盟。 净和LT的联合应用意味着受试者最有可能启动联盟形成，并在高背书治疗中实际形成联盟，而在低认可条件下可能会在控制条件下进行控制条件。预计联盟将更加稳定（即成员不太可能缺陷），并且在高认可条件下更有效，并且在低认可条件下稳定最低，有效性最低。联盟的有效性是通过其在反票方面的成功程度来衡量的。两结构设计允许观察大小对联盟形成，稳定性和有效性的影响，并允许对20多个额外的理论预测进行测试。Broader影响集体行动的理论为集体行动的前景提供了相当令人沮丧的画面。然而，集体行动确实成功了，当他们这样做时，理论通常是沉默的。由于合法性的影响，他们有时会成功吗？这项研究将回答这个问题。这项研究将通过将其联盟设计添加到位于南卡罗来纳大学（Weblab.moore.sc.edu）的网络单行中来增强社会学的基础设施。像所有Web-LAB设计一样，美国或其他地方的任何位置的研究人员都可以访问这些。 USC实验室为基于研究的学习做出了贡献，使用Web-LAB提供了本科生和研究生课程。这项研究中使用的设计将重要地增强了课程的工作。 USC实验室还可以增强学生研究人员的多样性。目前，大多数学生研究人员是女性，在典型的一年中，有20％的学生研究人员是非裔美国人。