Phylogeography of Indo-Pacific Reef Fishes

印度太平洋珊瑚礁鱼类的系统发育地理学

• 批准号: 0453167
• 负责人: Brian Bowen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0453167&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogeography; Indo; Pacific; Reef; Fishes

This project will address three contemporary issues in marine biology that relate to the connectivity of fish populations across island archipelagos: 1) How did reef fish colonize Hawaii? The Hawaiian archipelago is among the most isolated reef habitats in the world. The primary currents systems of the Pacific flow above or below Hawaii, so it is uncertain how reef fauna dispersed to this area. The two prevailing theories are that they colonized from the West Pacific, or from the South Pacific. Changes in ocean circulation during glacial periods may have enhanced colonization opportunities. Gene genealogies from mtDNA and nuclear DNA will be used to reveal the pathways of colonization, and the age of these events. 2) What are the genetic separations among Indian and Pacific Oceans? During low sea-levels associated with glaciation, the Pacific and Indian Oceans were separated by a land bridge between Asia and Australia. The age and permeability of this barrier will be tested. In particular, it will be determine whether ecological factors (such as habitat specificity) maintain genetic partitions during the long intervals between glacial periods, when the land barrier is submerged. 3) Is the Indo-Pacific core a center of speciation? Is the high diversity in the central Indo-Pacific due to speciation within this region, or accumulation of species that evolve on peripheral islands? These alternatives will be addressed with gene genealogies, to resolve fundamental evolutionary processes. Broader Significance: The conservation status of coral reefs is well documented, and one of the most effective responses is marine protected areas (MPAs). In order to design MPAs, Pacific island nations need to know the level and direction of dispersal among reef ecosystems. The proposed research will define patterns of reef fish (larval) dispersal across the Pacific and Indian Oceans, with special emphasis on Hawaii and the U.S. territories. Indo-Pacific island students will be recruited to collect fin clips for phylogeographic analysis, usually supervised by a local biology professor. The students will participate in this research, view the results, and discuss how findings can influence management of local reef resources. This program will also provide an opportunity to recruit exceptional Pacific Island students to the University of Hawaii. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology has developed a molecular genetic core facility dedicated to coral reefs and associated fauna. This project will enhance this unique facility, and provide research opportunities to the diverse community at University of Hawaii.

该项目将解决与海洋生物学的三个当代问题有关，这些问题与岛屿群岛的鱼类种群的连通性有关：1）珊瑚礁鱼如何在夏威夷定居？ 夏威夷群岛是世界上最孤立的礁石栖息地之一。 太平洋流动的主要电流系统上方或下方是夏威夷之下，因此尚不确定珊瑚礁动物群是如何分散到该地区的。 这两种普遍的理论是他们从西太平洋或南太平洋殖民。 冰川时期海洋循环的变化可能会增加定殖机会。 来自mtDNA和核DNA的基因家谱将用于揭示定殖的途径以及这些事件的年龄。 2）印度和太平洋之间有什么遗传分离？ 在与冰河相关的低海平面期间，太平洋和印度洋被亚洲和澳大利亚之间的陆上桥分开。 该障碍的年龄和渗透性将进行测试。 特别是，在冰川时期之间的长时间间隔（例如，栖息地特异性）（例如栖息地特异性）是否会在陆地屏障淹没时保持遗传分区。 3）印度太平洋核心是物种形成的中心吗？由于该区域内的物种形成，还是在外围岛上进化的物种积累，中央印度太平洋中部的多样性是高度多样性吗？ 这些替代方案将与基因家谱一起解决，以解决基本进化过程。 更广泛的意义：珊瑚礁的保护状况已充分记录在案，最有效的反应之一是海洋保护区（MPA）。 为了设计MPA，太平洋岛国国家需要了解珊瑚礁生态系统之间的分散水平和方向。 拟议的研究将定义礁鱼（幼虫）在太平洋和印度洋的散布模式，并特别强调夏威夷和美国领土。 印度太平洋岛屿学生将被招募以收集鳍片片段进行植物地理分析，通常由当地生物学教授监督。 学生将参与这项研究，查看结果，并讨论发现如何影响当地礁资源的管理。 该计划还将提供一个机会，将杰出的太平洋岛学生招募到夏威夷大学。 夏威夷海洋生物学研究所已经开发了一种专门用于珊瑚礁和相关动物的分子遗传核心设施。 该项目将增强这种独特的设施，并为夏威夷大学的多元化社区提供研究机会。