Origins of Hawaiian Reef Fishes

夏威夷珊瑚鱼的起源

• 批准号: 1558852
• 负责人: Brian Bowen
• 金额: $ 59.16万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1558852&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Origins; Hawaiian; Reef; Fishes

The Hawaiian Islands are the product of a volcanic hot spot in the middle of the North Pacific. Hence every living thing on this isolated archipelago has origins elsewhere. This project will investigate the origins of Hawaiian reef fishes, which are important both as a food source and a cultural touchstone in native Hawaiian communities. Two prominent hypotheses maintain that marine fish originally arrived from the south (Line Islands and Johnston Atoll) or from the west (Japan). To test these hypotheses, this research will augment existing specimens from Hawaii with expeditions to Johnston Atoll (closest shallow habitat to the south), the northern Line Islands (Palmyra), southern Line Islands (Christmas Island), and Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands in Japan. Advanced genetic techniques will be used to resolve the closest relatives to the Hawaiian fish species and the pathways by which reef species colonize Hawaii and help establish patterns of biodiversity. In cases where Hawaiian species are closely related to widespread sister species, this project will detect hotspots of genetic divergence. Because this research will reveal the sources of Hawaiian marine biodiversity, results can be used to help define priorities for reef protection. The project will support two graduate students and train at least two more in all aspects of the project from rebreather diving, specimen collection and curation, information management, and advanced genetic techniques. There will be outreach efforts to schools through existing programs, and expedition teams will include a videographer to provide footage for the award-winning Voice of the Sea program, broadcast locally. Expeditions will also include an outreach specialist to handle media reports and promote awareness and concern for reefs in the communities surrounding study sites. The investigators will sample a suite of 20 reef fishes at locations to the south (Johnston and Line Islands) and west (Ogasawara and Ryukyu Islands) of Hawaii to resolve the origins of Hawaiian biodiversity. The investigators will employ both population genetics (shifts in genotype frequencies) and phylogenetics (DNA sequence divergence) for more ancient separations to test their hypotheses. Restriction-digest associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) will be employed for the phylogeography, phylogenetics, and population biology studies because it provides high coverage of homologous portions of the genome from multiple individuals for comparatively low cost and effort.

夏威夷群岛是北太平洋中部火山热点的产物。因此，这个孤立的群岛上的每一件生物都起源于其他地方。该项目将调查夏威夷礁鱼的起源，夏威夷鱼类作为食物来源和夏威夷土著社区的文化试金石很重要。两个著名的假设坚持认为，海洋最初从南部（线岛和约翰斯顿环礁）或西部（日本）到达。为了检验这些假设，这项研究将扩大夏威夷的现有标本，以及探险到约翰斯顿环礁（南部最接近的浅层栖息地），北线岛（Palmyra），南线岛（圣诞节岛），以及日本日本的Ryukyu群岛和Ogasawara群岛。先进的遗传技术将用于解决与夏威夷鱼类的亲属以及礁石物种殖民夏威夷并有助于建立生物多样性模式的途径。如果夏威夷物种与广泛的姊妹物种密切相关，则该项目将检测遗传差异的热点。由于这项研究将揭示夏威夷海洋生物多样性的来源，因此可以使用结果来帮助定义保护礁石保护的优先级。该项目将支持两名研究生，并在该项目的各个方面至少培训两个研究生，从重新培训，标本收集和策展，信息管理和先进的遗传技术。将通过现有计划向学校进行宣传工作，探险团队将包括一位摄像师，为屡获殊荣的海洋计划提供镜头，并在当地广播。探险队还将包括一名外展专家，以处理媒体报告，并提高研究地点社区中礁石的认识和关注。调查人员将在南部（约翰斯顿和线群岛）和西部（Ogasawara和Ryukyu群岛）的位置采样一套20个礁鱼，以解决夏威夷生物多样性的起源。研究人员将采用种群遗传学（基因型频率的变化）和系统发育学（DNA序列差异）进行更古老的分离来检验其假设。 限制利益相关的DNA测序（RAD-SEQ）将用于植物地理学，系统发育学和种群生物学研究，因为它提供了来自多个个体的同源部分的高覆盖范围，以较低的成本和努力。