Dynamics and Chemical - Mechanical Coupling in PEM Fuel Cells

PEM 燃料电池中的动力学和化学 - 机械耦合

• 批准号: 0354279
• 负责人: Jay Benziger
• 金额: $ 36.27万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-03-15 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0354279&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamics; Chemical; Mechanical; Coupling; PEM

Intellectual Merit: Fuel cells have been identified by the US government as an essential element of the hydrogen economy to reduce demand for fossil fuels and improve the environment. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells operate at low temperatures and are best suited for automotive applications. PEM fuel cells must have a rapid dynamic response over a broad range of environmental and load conditions reflecting driving conditions. The fundamentals of fuel cell dynamics and control addressed in this project are necessary to make PEM fuel an economically viable technology for automotive applications.An "idealized" PEM fuel cell was developed by the PI to examine fuel cell dynamics. The model fuel cell is a one-dimensional differential reactor with uniform, independently controllable, well-defined gas phase compositions at the anode and cathode. The model fuel cell can be thought of as two stirred tank reactors (STR) coupled by a membrane, hence the name the STR PEM fuel cell. The one-dimensional structure of the STR PEM fuel cell greatly simplifies the dynamic response to changes in system parameters, and is the basic differential element for scaling and modeling the performance of larger complex fuel cell reactor systems. Preliminary studies with the STR PEM fuel cell have shown the polymer electrolyte membrane is a reservoir for water, and the membrane resistance and mechanical properties depends on the water inventory in the membrane. Changes in the operating parameters of the PEM fuel cell, such as the external load resistance or the fuel cell temperature, alter the balance between water production and water removal changing the membrane water activity in the membrane. Extensive parametric studies of PEM fuel cell dynamics over a broad range of operating conditions will be pursued. Dynamic measurements of the chemical and mechanical properties of polymer electrolyte membranes will complement the fuel cell studies. Broader Impacts: Fuel cells are of great interest as one of the most promising technologies for the commercial development of the "hydrogen economy," which is of high priority for environmental and political reasons. The research outlined in this project could advance the efficient and robust operability and control of PEM fuel cells. The program addresses fundamental issues associated with the dynamics of water management and changes in operating conditions including variable load. The dynamics of PEM fuel cells have not been previously addressed. The data and models developed from the work outlined here will serve as a basis for systems engineering of PEM fuel cell systems.

智力优点：美国政府已将燃料电池确定为氢经济的重要因素，以减少对化石燃料的需求并改善环境。 聚合物电解质膜（PEM）燃料电池在低温下运行，最适合汽车应用。 PEM燃料电池必须在反映驱动条件的各种环境和负载条件下具有快速的动态响应。 该项目中涉及的燃料电池动力学和控制的基本面对于使PEM燃料成为汽车应用具有经济可行的技术是必要的。PI开发了一种“理想化的” PEM燃料电池来检查燃料电池动力学。 模型燃料电池是一种一维差分反应器，其在阳极和阴极处具有均匀，独立可控的气相组成。 该模型燃料电池可以被认为是两个由膜上搅拌的储罐反应器（STR），因此名称为STR PEM燃料电池。 STR PEM燃料电池的一维结构极大地简化了对系统参数变化的动态响应，并且是扩展和建模较大复杂燃料电池反应器系统性能的基本差分元素。 使用STR PEM燃料电池的初步研究表明，聚合物电解质膜是水的储层，膜的耐药性和机械性能取决于膜中的水分库存。 PPEM燃料电池的工作参数的变化（例如外部载荷电阻或燃料电池温度）改变了水生产与去水之间的平衡改变了膜中的膜水活动。 将在广泛的工作条件下进行PEM燃料电池动力学的广泛参数研究。 聚合物电解质膜的化学和机械性能的动态测量将补充燃料电池研究。 更广泛的影响：燃料电池是“氢经济”商业发展的最有前途的技术之一，这对于环境和政治原因而言是很高的优先事项。 该项目中概述的研究可以提高PEM燃料电池的有效，稳健的可操作性和控制。 该计划解决了与水管理动力和操作条件变化有关的基本问题，包括可变负载。 PEM燃料电池的动力学先前尚未得到解决。 此处概述的工作中开发的数据和模型将作为PEM燃料电池系统系统工程的基础。