Collaborative Research: Global Ocean Repeat Hydrography, Carbon and Tracer Measurements

合作研究：全球海洋重复水文学、碳和示踪剂测量

• 批准号: 0223815
• 负责人: Frank Millero
• 金额: $ 249.61万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0223815&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Global; Ocean; Repeat

A systematic and global re-occupation of select hydrographic sections will be conducted with the objective of quantifying changes in storage and transport of heat, fresh water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and related parameters. The program is in support of the CLImate VARiability and predictability (CLIVAR) and Carbon Science Programs, and is a component of a global observing system for the physical climate and carbon system. By integrating the scientific needs of the carbon and hydrography/tracer communities, major synergies and cost savings will be achieved. In addition to efficiency, a coordinated approach will produce scientific advances that exceed those of having individual programs. These advances will contribute to the following overlapping scientific objectives: Data for Model Calibration, Validation and Model Based Synthesis; Carbon System Studies; Heat and Freshwater Storage and Flux Studies; Deep and Shallow Water Mass and Ventilation Studies; and Calibration of Autonomous Sensors. A joint study of the ocean carbon cycle and circulation will help identify critical areas where potential changes in ocean circulation could have serious consequences for future anthropogenic uptake. Global warming-induced changes in the ocean's transport of heat and freshwater, which could affect the circulation, can be followed through long-term measurements. The sections proposed consist of approximately two meridional and two zonal lines in each ocean, for a total of 10 sections over 6 field years. The core measurements include hydrography (CTD, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, L/ADCP, Underway T, S, pCO2, bathymetry, navigation), carbon system (DIC, pCO2. TAlk, pH, DOC, DON), and transient tracers (CFCs, tritium/3He). In addition to the collection of the data, quality control measures will be routinely carried out by providers of reference-quality data. Post-cruise data updates, distribution, and archive will be managed by groups with separate funding. The field work will be integrated with a larger international effort to monitor the ocean's response to climate change.Broader Impacts: The results will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific and technological understanding. The program is based on the fundamental concept that data collected belong to the community, and are available to the community at large rather than being proprietary for the investigators involved in the project. The data policy proposed will be stringent and geared towards rapid and open dissemination, and with a clear structure for all data to undergo thorough quality control. Such an ambitious goal requiring this degree of openness has not been tried on a large scale before. The program benefits to society include the collection of a high quality data set, and use of the data to assess climate change. The global program will provide full water column data of climatically significant parameters with decadal coverage. These data will be used to assess climate change by quantifying the uptake and storage of anthropogenic CO2 by the ocean, and contributing to an understanding and models of the processes that control the uptake and transport of CO2 into the ocean's interior. Since these are likely to be the only systematic observations below 2000 m, they will be used to document long term trends in ocean warming, and heat and freshwater fluxes. The data will be a resource for model calibration of the climate system. The proposed program will promote training and learning. It will serve as a community resource for training and entraining graduate students, postdoctoral scientists, and new scientists. Funds are budgeted in the lead proposal for graduate students, post-docs, and young, non-seagoing scientists to participate in each cruise.

将对选定的水文断面进行系统性和全球性的重新利用，目的是量化热量、淡水、二氧化碳（CO2）和相关参数的储存和运输的变化。该计划支持气候变异性和可预测性（CLIVAR）和碳科学计划，并且是全球物理气候和碳系统观测系统的组成部分。通过整合碳和水文学/示踪剂界的科学需求，将实现重大协同效应和成本节约。除了效率之外，协调一致的方法还将带来超越单独项目的科学进步。这些进步将有助于实现以下重叠的科学目标：模型校准、验证和基于模型的合成的数据；碳系统研究；热量和淡水储存及通量研究；深浅水体和通风研究；和自主传感器的校准。对海洋碳循环和环流的联合研究将有助于确定海洋环流潜在变化可能对未来人为吸收产生严重后果的关键区域。全球变暖引起的海洋热量和淡水输送的变化可能会影响循环，可以通过长期测量来跟踪。拟议的剖面由每个海洋中大约两条经向线和两条纬向线组成，在 6 个实地年中总共有 10 个剖面。核心测量包括水文学（CTD、盐度、氧气、营养物、L/ADCP、Underway T、S、pCO2、测深、导航）、碳系统（DIC、pCO2、TAlk、pH、DOC、DON）和瞬态示踪剂（ CFC、氚/3He）。除了收集数据外，参考质量数据的提供者还将定期执行质量控制措施。巡航后的数据更新、分发和存档将由拥有单独资金的团体管理。实地工作将与更广泛的国际努力结合起来，以监测海洋对气候变化的反应。更广泛的影响：研究结果将广泛传播，以增进科学和技术理解。该计划基于这样的基本概念：收集的数据属于社区，并且可供整个社区使用，而不是参与项目的研究人员专有。拟议的数据政策将是严格的，旨在快速、开放地传播，并具有清晰的结构，使所有数据都能接受彻底的质量控制。如此雄心勃勃的目标需要如此程度的开放性，此前从未进行过大规模尝试。该计划给社会带来的好处包括收集高质量的数据集，并利用这些数据来评估气候变化。该全球计划将提供具有十年覆盖范围的气候重要参数的完整水柱数据。这些数据将用于通过量化海洋对人为二氧化碳的吸收和储存来评估气候变化，并有助于了解控制二氧化碳吸收和运输到海洋内部的过程并建立模型。由于这些可能是 2000 米以下唯一的系统观测，因此它们将用于记录海洋变暖、热量和淡水通量的长期趋势。这些数据将成为气候系统模型校准的资源。拟议的计划将促进培训和学习。它将作为培训和培养研究生、博士后科学家和新科学家的社区资源。主要提案中为研究生、博士后和年轻的非航海科学家参与每次航行提供了预算。