STI: Multi-Hop Free Space Optics Last-Mile Networks Using Very Low-Cost Components

STI：使用极低成本组件的多跳自由空间光学最后一英里网络

• 批准号: 0230787
• 负责人: Partha Dutta
• 金额: $ 51万
• 依托单位: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-01-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0230787&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: STI; Multi; Hop; Free; Space

The tremendous explosion of bandwidth in the core of the Internet has stopped short of end-users due to the well-known "last-mile" problem where it has traditionally been infeasible to get a high bandwidth conduit to the home and businesses. "Fiberless" or Free Space Optical (FSO) networks can effectively complement unlicensed-spectrum RF-based WLAN technologies like 802.1 lb/a, and WMAN technologies like 802.16 for the "last mile" problem. Free space optics offers tremendous bandwidth and potential for dense spatial reuse of the optical spectrum. Although optical networking has become popular in the wired networking world, free space optics (FSO) is still a niche technology used to provide only selected point-to-point links, and not as a general-purpose metropolitan area networking technology. Moreover, several fundamental aspects of free space terrestrial optical communication are yet to be explored. The proposal is to investigate fundamental limits of very low-cost components, and create communication systems that tap into the high bandwidth potential of FSO, while addressing its key limitations (eg: Line-of-Sight (LOS) availability, LOS discovery, LOS alignment).An investigation of very low-cost communication systems and multi-hop optical networks using high-brightness visible spectrum LEDs (HBLEDs) that have more attractive propagation & spatial reuse characteristics compared to ordinary brightness infrared LEDs will occur. Moreover the potential size, weight, power and form-factor aspects of LED-based systems would make it ideal for use in ad-hoc infrastructures (eg: balloons, treetops, lampposts. poles on chimneys, moving vehicles etc), and novel applications like high-bandwidth mobile ad-hoc networks and future sensor networks may be found.Using trans-receiver pairs that achieve 100 Mbps with 1-10 mW power, the proposal is to use dense integration of thousands of trans-receivers into 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional spatial structures (eg: 2-d array, 3-d spherical/honeycomb structure). The 2-d array would provide extremely high aggregate bandwidth (100 Gbps and more) over 1-2 km. The proposed 3-d spherical structures (a.k.a. optical antenna) combined with LOS auto-discovery and LOS auto-tracking techniques to instantly discover and track LOS if it exists. This structure will allow uninterrupte4,jiltra-high-speed operation even in high velocity sway (eg: 120 mph, range over 100s of meters) or even mobile conditions.The project will build low-cost FSO interconnection systems, complemented with relatively cheap and programmable electronic components after l0s-l00s of opto-electronic (OEO) hops. It is also proposed to investigate spatial coding and redundancy techniques at the electronic hops taking advantage of the particular spatial structures (eg: 2d array, spherical etc). An examination of fundamental network capacity limits for FSO-based fixed and ad-hoc configurations, and fundamental power-per-bit achievable in future sensor networks will be done. Evaluating the impact of such multi-hop FSO networks on the performance of TCP/IP, VoIP and multimedia applications. Leveraging a partnership with renowned Internet entrepreneur, field trials of a mix of our prototype low-cost FSO-based systems, off-the-shelf 802.1 lx systems, IP routing and 802. ld bridging protocols will occur.The proposed inter-disciplinary research will make significant contributions to LED-based communications, low-cost free space optical networks, and models for deploying last-mile networks in unlicensed spectra.NSF recognizes the need to solve the lost mile problem and funds this project with the hope of a solution immediately emerging from this project, or new directions to a solution being established.

由于众所周知的“最后一英里”问题，传统上那是不可避免的，因此无法为家庭和企业提供高带宽的渠道，因此互联网核心的带宽巨大爆炸已经停止了最终用户。 “无纤维”或自由空间光学（FSO）网络可以有效地补充802.1 lb/a（例如802.1 lb/a）的基于RF的频谱WLAN技术，以及“最后一英里”问题（例如802.16）。自由空间光学器件提供了巨大的带宽和光光谱的密集空间重复使用的潜力。尽管光学网络在有线网络世界中已经流行，但自由空间光学（FSO）仍然是一种用于仅提供所选点对点链接的利基技术，而不是作为通用大都市区域网络技术。此外，自由空间陆地光学通信的几个基本方面尚待探索。该提议是为了调查非常低成本的组件的基本限制，并创建通信系统，以利用FSO的高带宽潜力，同时解决其关键限制（例如：洛斯（LOS）可用性，LOS Discovery，LOS Discovery，LOS Alignment）。使用非常低调的通信系统和多个范围的ledsity网络调查，使用了高度范围的光学范围，该范围具有高度范围的范围，该范围具有可观的范围，该范围是该范围的范围。与普通的亮度红外LED相比，空间重复使用特性将发生。此外，基于LED的系统的潜在尺寸，重量，功率和形式因素方面将使其非常适合在临时基础架构（例如：气球，通风片，灯笼，灯柱。烟囱，移动车辆等的电线杆），以及新颖的应用，以及高频段的高频段宽阔的移动AD-HOC网络和未来的传感器网络，可以找到100个transer poirt。提案是将数千个反元素的密集整合到二维和3维空间结构中（例如：2-D阵列，3-D球形/蜂窝结构）。 2-D阵列将在1-2公里以上提供极高的骨料带宽（100 Gbps和更多）。提出的3-D球形结构（又称光天线）结合了LOS自动发现和LOS自动跟踪技术，以立即发现和跟踪LOS（如果存在）。 This structure will allow uninterrupte4,jiltra-high-speed operation even in high velocity sway (eg: 120 mph, range over 100s of meters) or even mobile conditions.The project will build low-cost FSO interconnection systems, complemented with relatively cheap and programmable electronic components after l0s-l00s of opto-electronic (OEO) hops.还建议利用特定的空间结构（例如：2D阵列，球形等）研究电子啤酒花处的空间编码和冗余技术。对基于FSO的固定和临时配置的基本网络容量限制的检查以及将来可以在未来的传感器网络中实现的基本功率进行检查。 评估此类多跳FSO网络对TCP/IP，VoIP和多媒体应用程序性能的影响。利用与著名的互联网企业家建立合作伙伴关系，我们原型低成本基于FSO的系统的混合，现成的802.1 LX系统，IP路由和802。LD桥接协议将发生。拟议的跨学科跨学科研究将对基于LED的通信网络和模型进行重要贡献，以使其在较低的网络中，以实现限制，以实施高级的网络，并终于地部署型号。认识到需要解决丢失的英里问题并为该项目提供资金，希望立即从该项目中出现解决方案，或者是建立解决方案的新方向。