Collaborative Research: Individual Differences in Decision-Making Competence

合作研究：决策能力的个体差异

• 批准号: 0213782
• 负责人: Andrew Parker
• 金额: $ 10.02万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-15 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0213782&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Individual; Differences; Decision

Every day, people face decisions in domains as diverse as the choice of shampoos, stocks, medical treatments, and friends. When people have not learned what to do through trial and error, they need a general ability to make effective decisions. The attendant skills include extracting relevant information from the world, applying general values in specific settings, and integrating these pieces with a coherent decision rule. Research has often found deficiencies in such skills. While interest in general cognitive processes has diverted attention from individual differences, people do differ substantially in these skills.Parker and Fischhoff (2002) used this performance variability to develop a measure of decision-making competence (DMC). Seven tasks, tapping into the above skills, were administered to respondents from an ongoing longitudinal study. Performance correlated positively across the seven DMC tasks, suggesting a common central competency. A single DMC score correlated strongly with measures of intelligence, cognitive style, risk behavior, and social/family influences. Although the CEDAR study demonstrates the potential of DMC, it is limited by problems with some of the instruments and special properties of the sample used. The current research includes four studies that will further refine the seven DMC tasks. Each study addresses individual decision-making skills in light of recent theoretical developments and improving overall scale properties. In addition, these studies provide opportunities for addressing scientific questions within the individual task domains.This connection of laboratory results with "real world" behavior is an exercise itself that has not been widely pursued. It provides the opportunity to clarify the validity of decision-making research findings, as well as shed light on the underlying theory. This work has applications to the training of individuals to make better decisions, competence in making legal and medical decisions, as well as relative performance in competitive environments.

每天，人们都会在选择洗发水，股票，医疗和朋友的领域中面临各种各样的决定。 当人们没有通过反复试验学习该怎么做时，他们需要一般的能力来做出有效的决策。 随之而来的技能包括从世界上提取相关信息，在特定设置中应用一般价值，并将这些部分与连贯的决策规则集成在一起。 研究经常发现这种技能缺陷。 尽管对一般认知过程的兴趣将注意力转移到了个体差异中，但人们在这些技能方面确实有很大差异。 从正在进行的纵向研究中对受访者进行了七个任务，即利用上述技能。 绩效在七个DMC任务中呈正相关，这表明具有共同的中心能力。 单一的DMC分数与智力，认知风格，风险行为和社会/家庭影响的度量密切相关。 尽管雪松研究证明了DMC的潜力，但它受到所使用样品的某些工具和特殊特性的问题的限制。 当前的研究包括四项将进一步完善七个DMC任务的研究。 每项研究都根据最新的理论发展和改善整体规模属性来解决个人决策技能。 此外，这些研究为解决各个任务领域内的科学问题提供了机会。该实验室结果与“现实世界”行为的联系是一种尚未被广泛追求的练习本身。 它提供了阐明决策研究结果的有效性，并阐明了基础理论的有效性。 这项工作适用于培训个人，以做出更好的决策，做出法律和医疗决策的能力以及在竞争环境中的相对表现。