RUI: Self-organization and the Acquisition, Representation, and Processing of Language

RUI：自组织和语言的习得、表示和处理

• 批准号: 0131829
• 负责人: Ping Li
• 金额: $ 37.31万
• 依托单位: University of Richmond
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-01-15 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0131829&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Self; organization; Acquisition; Representation

An ordinary adult speaker has active control of tens of thousands of words in any given language. Unlike a dictionary that lists words alphabetically, the mental dictionary organizes words in the mind in complex ways according to their uses in language, for example, their grammatical and semantic functions. This research will address how such organization arises in childhood, settles in adulthood, and sometimes breaks down in disordered minds. The research will provide an alternative approach to current neural network models of language, because it aims at developing a cognitively and neuropsychologically plausible model that relies on self-organizing principles. Self-organization, a dynamic process of human learning, allows the learner to gather information about the "input space" (i.e., the limits, constraints, and possibilities of things) and to continuously organize the information in ways optimal for the task at hand. Building on Li's developmental lexicon model (DevLex), the new model will incorporate properties of self-organization, Hebbian learning, lexical co-occurrence learning, and dynamic growth. These computational properties should make the model well suited for the study of the human mental lexicon, its structure, representation, and processing in children, normal adults, second language learners, and brain-injured patients. The model will attempt to account for a wide variety of phenomena in language use. In particular, its design characteristics will permit the evaluation of important problems from a number of domains: (1) the development of structurally organized representation as a function of learning the linguistic input, and the impact of the organizational structure on linguistic generalization (child language acquisition); (2) the distinct versus integrated nature of bilingual lexicon, and crosslinguistic differences in bilingual lexical representation and acquisition (bilingual language processing); (3) the development of lexical ambiguity and grammatical ambiguity, and the processing of ambiguity in patients (lexical ambiguity processing); (4) the interaction between orthography, phonology, and semantics in reading acquisition, and the crosslinguistic differences in normal reading and developmental dyslexia (normal and impaired reading); and (5) the acquisition of category-specific representation, and the structure of lesioned semantic representations in patients (category-specific language impairment). Results from the modeling of these aspects will provide significant insights into theoretical and empirical issues in psycholinguistics and cognitive science. Understanding of normal and disordered processes in different languages will also have significant implications for language education.

一个普通的成人说话者积极控制任何给定语言的数万个单词。 与单词列出单词的词典不同，精神词典根据语言在语言中的用途以复杂的方式在思想中组织单词，例如，他们的语法和语义函数。 这项研究将解决此类组织在童年时期的出现，成年后的定居方式，有时会因混乱的思想而分解。 该研究将为当前的语言神经网络模型提供另一种方法，因为它旨在开发一种依赖于自我组织原理的认知和神经心理学上合理的模型。 自组织是人类学习的动态过程，使学习者可以收集有关“输入空间”（即事物的限制，约束和可能性）的信息，并以最佳的方式不断地组织信息。 在Li的发展词典模型（DEVLEX）的基础上，新模型将结合自组织，Hebbian学习，词汇共同出现学习和动态增长的特性。 这些计算特性应使该模型非常适合于人类精神词典的研究，其结构，代表性和加工在儿童，正常成人，第二语言学习者和脑受伤的患者中。 该模型将尝试考虑语言使用中各种现象。 特别是，其设计特征将允许从许多领域中评估重要问题：（1）结构组织的表示的发展是学习语言输入的函数，以及组织结构对语言概括（儿童语言获取）的影响； （2）双语词典的独特性与综合性质，以及双语词汇表示和获取（双语语言处理）中的交叉差异； （3）词汇歧义和语法歧义的发展，以及患者的歧义（词汇歧义处理）的处理； （4）在阅读习得中的拼字法，语音学和语义之间的相互作用，以及正常阅读和发育阅读障碍（正常和受损的阅读）的跨语言差异； （5）对特定类别的表征的获取，以及患者中病变的语义表示的结构（特定类别的语言障碍）。 这些方面的建模的结果将为心理语言学和认知科学中的理论和经验问题提供重大见解。 了解不同语言的正常过程和无序过程也将对语言教育产生重大影响。