Collaborative Research: Energy Sources for Reproduction and Development in a Cold-seep Mixotrophic Mussel

合作研究：冷泉混合营养贻贝繁殖和发育的能源

• 批准号: 0118946
• 负责人: Stephen Macko
• 金额: $ 15.06万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-01-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0118946&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Energy; Sources; Reproduction

Heterotrophic deep-sea animals require a downward flux of material in order to survive and reproduce, whereas animals with chemoautotrophic symbionts at hydrothermal vents or cold seeps should theoretically be capable of producing gametes more-or-less continuously without the benefit of surface-derived detritus. Mixotrophic mussels at cold seeps are intermediate between these two situations. They can grow and survive using only methane or sulfide as an energy source, but are also capable of filter-feeding on detrital particles or plankton in the benthic boundary layer. Available evidence suggests that supplemental filtration on bacterioplankton may be necessary to provide sufficient nitrogen to the mussels. The cold-seep mussel Bathymodiolus childressi, which lives at methane seeps on the Louisiana slope, demonstrates periodic rather than continuous reproduction, a pattern not predicted by the commonly accepted paradigm that food limitation controls reproductive timing in the deep sea. Thus, mixotrophic mussels present a unique opportunity to investigate the role of detrital input in the control of gametogenic timing in the deep sea. Lipid biomarkers and compound specific stable isotopes will be used to determine if energy from surfacederived detritus is differentially partitioned between the gonads and somatic tissues of B. childressi. In the deep-sea megafauna, seasonal breeders virtually always produce feeding larvae, suggesting a possible mechanistic or evolutionary link between surface production and larval success. Crisp's rule, the prediction that animals with planktotrophic larvae will time their breeding to assure optimal nutrition for the larvae, is one such possible link. Crisp's Rule will be examined in this study by rearing the larvae of B. childressi in natural water collected at various depths.

异养的深海动物需要材料的向下通量才能生存和繁殖，而在水热通风口处具有化学自由型共生菌的动物，或者理论上能够在没有表面衍生的脱虫的情况下连续产生食物，或者在理论上能够连续产生更多的无效配子。在这两种情况下，冷渗水处的混杂营养贻贝中间。它们只能使用甲烷或硫化物作为能源生长和生存，但也能够在底栖边界层中滤过碎屑颗粒或浮游生物。可用的证据表明，对盗窃细菌的补充过滤可能需要为贻贝提供足够的氮。生活在路易斯安那州斜坡上的甲烷渗入的冷斑贻贝childressi表现出了周期性的而不是连续的繁殖，这种模式不受公认的范式所预测的，即食物限制控制在深海中的生殖时机。因此，多营养贻贝为研究碎屑输入在控制深海的配子时机中的作用提供了独特的机会。脂质生物标志物和化合物特异性稳定同位素将用于确定是否在表面层次的碎屑中差异地分配了Chiddressi的性腺和体细胞组织之间的能量。在深海Megafauna中，季节性繁殖者几乎总是产生喂养幼虫，这表明表面产生与幼体成功之间可能存在机械或进化的联系。 Crisp的规则是，具有脑萎缩性幼虫的动物将为确保幼虫的最佳营养时，这一预测就是这种可能的联系。在本研究中，将通过在各个深度收集的天然水中饲养B. childressi的幼虫来检查Crisp的规则。