Regulation of Inflorescence Architecture in Maize

玉米花序结构的调控

• 批准号: 0110189
• 负责人: Sarah Hake
• 金额: $ 536.27万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-10-01 至 2007-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0110189&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Regulation; Inflorescence; Architecture; Maize

The cereal crops, such as maize, rice, wheat, sorghum, barley, millet, and oats, account for the majority of world's nutrition. In addition to the cereal crops, there are approximately 10,000 species of wild grasses, which cover about 1/5 of the earth's land surface. Nearly all grasses are characterized by the spikelet, a short branch that contains floral meristems. Floral meristems produce the seeds that are harvested. The arrangement of these spikelets in different grasses, and the branches on which they are borne, reflects differing fates of the meristems produced during inflorescence development. Identifying the genes that determine meristem fates and understanding the mechanism by which these genes integrate their activities would be of immense value for developmental biology, evolutionary biology, and applied genetics and breeding. Development of maize as a model system assumes that information from maize should be applicable to other cereals, and indeed to any other plant. Comparisons between maize and the other cereals, and between maize and wild grasses, will test this basic assumption of model system development. Inflorescence genes will be identified that will serve as tools for three different disciplines: investigation of meristem development, quantitative trait analysis, and comparative biology in the grasses. Sequencing of expressed genes and expression profiling will be used to identify a subset of genes that are expressed at the earliest stages of development, and that correlate with the proliferation of specific meristem types in selected mutants. The function of these genes will be determined through genetics and mapping. Map positions of the inflorescence genes will provide a link to quantitative traits, and to mutations in maize and other grasses. A selected group of genes will be mutated by reverse genetics to determine their function in inflorescence development. A subset of the genes will also be studied in other cereals and wild grasses. Whether these genes have been modified over evolutionary time and whether they function in other grasses the same way as they do in maize will be determined. These comparisons will provide a valuable data set for the study of evolution and diversity across 60 million years of grass evolution.

谷物作物，例如玉米，大米，小麦，高粱，大麦，小米和燕麦，占世界上大部分营养的原因。除谷物作物外，还有大约10,000种野草，覆盖了大约1/5的地球地面。 几乎所有的草都以Spikelet为特征，Spikelet是一个短的分支，其中包含花生分生组织。花生分生组织会产生收获的种子。这些尖峰在不同的草中的排列以及它们所处的分支，反映了花序发育过程中产生的分生组织的不同命运。确定确定分生生物命运的基因并了解这些基因整合其活性的机制，对于发育生物学，进化生物学以及应用遗传学和育种而言，将具有巨大的价值。玉米作为模型系统的开发假定，来自玉米的信息应适用于其他谷物，甚至适用于其他任何植物。 玉米与其他谷物之间以及玉米和野生草之间的比较将测试模型系统开发的基本假设。将鉴定出将作为三个不同学科的工具的花序基因：研究分生组织的研究，定量性状分析和草中比较生物学。表达基因和表达分析的测序将用于识别在最早发育阶段表达的基因子集，并且与所选突变体中特定分生组织类型的增殖相关。这些基因的功能将通过遗传学和映射确定。花序基因的地图位置将提供与定量性状以及玉米和其他草的突变的联系。一组基因将通过反向遗传学突变，以确定其在花序发展中的功能。基因的子集也将在其他谷物和野草中进行研究。 这些基因是否已在进化时间进行了修改，以及它们是否像在玉米中一样在其他草地中起作用。这些比较将为整个6000万年的草进化中的进化和多样性提供宝贵的数据集。