Hyperacuity in the Auditory System

听觉系统的超敏锐度

• 批准号: 0109872
• 负责人: Michael Reed
• 金额: $ 38.25万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-15 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0109872&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hyperacuity; Auditory; System

Reed0109872 Certain cells in the mammalian auditory brainstem (threeneurons from the periphery) show exceptionally small standarddeviations in the microsecond range of the timing of the firstaction potential response under repeated trials of the samesound. Moreover, the latency and its standard deviation arequite independent of frequency and decibel level over largeranges. This behavior is exceptional since the inputs to thesecells come from octopus and other cells in the contralateralcochlear nucleus, a nucleus which is ennervated by auditory nervefibers that have much larger standard deviations and highdependence on frequency and decibel level. Thus, this system isan example of how the brain can use relatively sloppy andvariable devices (neurons) to perform surprisingly accuratecalculations. Professor Michael Reed, with colleague physiologistJoseph Blum, investigates this system with three researchprojects: (i) They create and investigate by machine computationa large scale mathematical model of the whole system using knownphysiological properties of auditory nerve fibers and recentlydiscovered properties of octopus cells; (ii) They usemathematical analysis investigate of the improvement of thestandard deviation of latency in converging networks where thetarget cells require coincident inputs within time windows inorder to fire; (iii) They use partial differential equations tounderstand the special properties of dendritic informationprocessing in octopus cells. Using mathematics and machine computation, Professor MichaelReed continues to study how groups of cells (neurons) in theauditory brainstem perform calculations that individual cells cannot do by themselves. Neurons are inherently sloppy and variabledevices that perform differently even under (apparently) the sameconditions with the same inputs. Nevertheless, large groups ofthese neurons are able to perform together, reliably, highlyaccurate calculations. This project tries to understand thisapparent paradox. The project sheds light on how and why humanbrains are organized the way they are and it suggests newmechanisms for the development of man-made thinking devices.

REED0109872哺乳动物听觉脑干（来自外围的三位生元）中的某些细胞在第一次反应响应的时机的微秒范围内显示出在Samesound的重复试验下的标准偏差。 此外，潜伏期及其标准偏差是独立于频率和分贝水平的较大偏差的。 这种行为是例外的，因为对这些塞子的输入来自章鱼和其他核核中的其他细胞，这是一种核的核，它受到听觉神经纤维的影响，这些神经纤维具有更大的标准偏差，并且对频率和分贝水平的高度依赖性较大。 因此，这个系统的示例是大脑如何使用相对草率和变量的设备（神经元）进行出人意料的精确估计。 迈克尔·里德（Michael Reed）教授与同事生理学家约瑟夫·布鲁姆（Joseph Blum）通过三个研究项目研究了该系统：（i）他们使用听觉神经纤维的知名过度生理特性以及最近发现的章鱼细胞的特性来创建和研究整个系统的大规模数学模型； （ii）他们有力分析调查了融合网络中延迟延迟偏差的改善，在这些网络中，thetarget细胞需要在时间窗口中启动的时间窗口中的一致输入； （iii）他们使用偏微分方程touderstrest todersters在章鱼细胞中树突状信息过程的特殊特性。 使用数学和机器计算，Michaelreed教授继续研究戏剧性脑干中的细胞组（神经元）如何执行单个细胞无法自行进行的计算。 神经元在固有的草率和变异仪上，即使在（显然）具有相同输入的semeconditions之下也有所不同。 然而，大型的这些神经元能够一起执行，可靠，高度准确的计算。 该项目试图了解这种适中的悖论。 该项目阐明了如何以及为何按照人的方式组织人脑，并为开发人造思维设备的开发提出了新的机制。