U.S.-U.K. Cooperative Research: Experimental Study of Lava-Flow Interactions with Snow and Ice

美英合作研究：熔岩流与冰雪相互作用的实验研究

• 批准号: 0000237
• 负责人: Joseph Walder
• 金额: $ 1.54万
• 依托单位: Portland State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-05-15 至 2002-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0000237&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: U.S.; U.K.; Cooperative; Research; Experimental

0000237WalderThis two-year award for U.S.-U.K. collaboration on lava-flow interactions with snow and ice involves Joseph Walder of Portland State University and the Cascades Volcano Observatory of the U.S. Geological Survey in Vancouver, Washington, and R. Stephen J. Sparks of the Centre for Environmental Geophysical Flows, University of Bristol. The research collaboration is aimed at understanding flood generation and debris flows caused by the movement of lava over snow and glacier ice. Several distinct sets of experiments are proposed. Simulated lava flows will be released over ice and artificial snow, and the rate of meltwater production will be determined as a function of lava temperature, viscosity, discharge rate and ice-surface slope. Simulated lava flows will also be released over ice blocks containing features that emulate glacial crevasses and a glacial meltwater drainage system. Experimental results will be compared to theoretical models that then can be scaled to make predictions about real-world phenomena.The U.S. investigator brings to this collaboration expertise in glaciology and the interaction of hot volcanic grain flows with snow. This is complemented by the U.K. investigator's expertise in physical volcanology. The Bristol Centre is the best facility in the world for experimental work on ice-lava interactions and has specialized equipment for simulating lava flows over ice. The project will advance understanding of how flooding occurs and may be used to predict flooding caused by eruptive volcanic activity.

0000237Walder 这项为期两年的美英合作奖涉及熔岩流与冰雪相互作用，涉及波特兰州立大学的 Joseph Walder 和位于华盛顿温哥华的美国地质调查局喀斯喀特火山观测站以及美国地质调查局的 R. Stephen J. Sparks布里斯托大学环境地球物理流中心。 该研究合作旨在了解熔岩在雪和冰川上移动引起的洪水和泥石流。 提出了几组不同的实验。 模拟熔岩流将在冰和人造雪上释放，融水产生的速率将根据熔岩温度、粘度、排放速率和冰面坡度的函数确定。 模拟熔岩流也将在冰块上释放，其中包含模拟冰川裂缝和冰川融水排水系统的特征。 实验结果将与理论模型进行比较，然后可以对其进行扩展以对现实世界的现象进行预测。美国研究人员为此次合作带来了冰川学以及热火山颗粒流与雪相互作用方面的专业知识。 英国研究人员在物理火山学方面的专业知识对此进行了补充。 布里斯托尔中心是世界上进行冰-熔岩相互作用实验工作的最佳设施，并拥有模拟熔岩在冰上流动的专用设备。 该项目将增进对洪水如何发生的了解，并可用于预测火山喷发活动引起的洪水。