Starter Grant: Molecular Evolution in Vanilloid Orchids

入门补助金：香草兰花的分子进化

• 批准号: 9820869
• 负责人: Paul Kores
• 金额: $ 3.5万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-02-15 至 2000-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9820869&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Starter; Grant; Molecular; Evolution; Vanilloid

9820869Kores Following upon his productive research under a NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in the Environmental Sciences, Dr. Paul Kores at the University of Oklahoma and the Oklahoma Biological Survey is studying the evolution of nuclear and chloroplast genes in orchids of the tribe Vanilloideae. DNA sequencing of a number of chloroplast genes has revealed apparently elevated rates of mutation (or nucleotide substitution) in orchids that grow by attaching themselves to underground root-fungus structures, known as mycorrhizae. The orchids are thought to be hemiparasites, deriving nutrition from the mycorrhizal association and conducting reduced photosynthesis. A recently proposed phylogeny or family tree for the vanilloid orchids, based on data generated by Dr. Kores and colleagues, provides a framework for estimating the number of times and the patterns or trends in which plant genes have lost function, as photosynthetic activity becomes less important in the nutritional life of the plant. Molecular evolutionary research on plants has been greatly facilitated by advances in phylogenetic research over the last several years. Detailed phylogenetic trees provide step by step insight into likely pathways of evolutionary change in both form and function. Under assumptions about relaxed functional constraints on photosynthesis, this research on plant gene evolution will explore rates and patterns of mutation in so-called parasitic and saprophytic orchids.

9820869Kores在NSF在环境科学的NSF博士后研究金之后，俄克拉荷马大学的Paul Kores博士和俄克拉荷马州生物调查局正在研究Tribeaeeae的兰花兰花基因的演变。许多叶绿体基因的DNA测序表明，通过将自己固定在地下根脉管结构（称为mycorrhizae）中，显然升高了兰花中突变率（或核苷酸取代率）。这些兰花被认为是半寄生虫，从菌根协会中得出营养，并进行了降低的光合作用。基于Kores及其同事博士产生的数据，最近提出的用于香草兰花的系统发育或家谱为估计植物基因失去功能的时间的数量以及模式或趋势提供了一个框架，因为光合作用活动在该植物的营养寿命中变得不那么重要。在过去的几年中，系统发育研究的进步极大地促进了对植物的分子进化研究。详细的系统发育树提供了对形式和功能中进化变化的可能途径的逐步了解。在有关光合作用的松弛功能约束的假设下，这项对植物基因进化的研究将探索所谓的寄生虫和腐生兰花中突变的速率和模式。