Collaborative Research: Genomic Evolution in the Endosymbiotic Bacteria (Buchnera) of Aphids

合作研究：蚜虫内共生细菌（Buchnera）的基因组进化

• 批准号: 9817795
• 负责人: Paul Baumann
• 金额: $ 12万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-02-15 至 2003-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9817795&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Genomic; Evolution; Endosymbiotic

Nontechnical AbstractCollaborative Research: Genomic Evolution in the Endosymbiotic Bacteria(Buchnera) of AphidsNancy A. Moran, University of ArizonaPaul Baumann, University of California-DavisMany invertebrates contain specialized intracellular bacteria that are transmitted from mother to offspring in eggs and that persist in host lineages for millions of years. Typically, animal hosts and bacteria are unable to live apart, a situation that has slowed genetic characterization of symbiotic bacteria. The current project extends a previous collaboration, between an insect biologist and a bacteriologist, which has exploited modern molecular methods to characterize individual genes in symbionts of aphids. These bacteria have undergone genetic modifications that improve their ability to provide hosts with amino acids that are required for growth and reproduction. The new research is designed to address the question of how symbionts differ from related nonsymbiotic bacteria in overall genome characteristics. The dynamics of genome structure in aphid symbionts will be analyzed using newly developed molecular methods for determining sizes of large chromosomal fragments and for determining chromosomal locations of specific genes in symbionts from several aphid hosts of known relationships. In addition, rates of evolution of specific genes will be determined for pairs of symbionts with known dates of divergence. These results will be compared to corresponding information, from genetic databases, for closely related nonsymbiotic bacteria.The symbionts of aphids possess some distinctive genetic traits that appear to represent a general syndrome in intracellular bacteria, including both beneficial symbionts of agricultural pests and pathogenic bacteria infecting humans, other animals, and plants. These characteristics include a reduced number of genes and reduced genome size, faster rates of genetic change over time, and biased composition of DNA molecules. Thus, the proposed investigations will increase understanding of a genetic syndrome that encompasses a variety of agriculturally and medically important bacteria. The additional knowledge of the basic biology of these organisms could contribute to new methods of controlling both agricultural pests and/or agents of disease.

非技术摘要研究研究：蚜虫的内共生细菌（buchnera）的基因组进化。 通常，动物宿主和细菌无法分开，这种情况减慢了共生细菌的遗传特征。当前的项目扩展了昆虫生物学家和细菌学家之间的先前合作，该研究医生利用了现代分子方法来表征蚜虫共生体中个体基因。这些细菌经历了遗传修饰，可以提高其为宿主提供生长和繁殖所需的氨基酸的能力。这项新的研究旨在解决共生体与相关的无生物细菌在整体基因组特征中如何不同的问题。将使用新开发的分子方法来分析蚜虫共生体中基因组结构的动力学，以确定大染色体片段的大小，并确定来自几个已知关系蚜虫宿主的共生体中特定基因的染色体位置。此外，将确定特定基因进化的速率，该对与已知差异日期的共生对成对。将这些结果与来自遗传数据库的相应信息进行比较，以与密切相关的非伴生素细菌。蚜虫的共生体具有一些独特的遗传特征，这些遗传特征似乎代表了细胞内细菌中的一般综合征，包括农业害虫和病原体细菌的有益共生体，包括动物植物和其他动物植物。这些特征包括减少基因数量和减少的基因组大小，遗传变化的速度随时间更快以及DNA分子的偏见。因此，拟议的研究将增加对包含各种农业和医学重要细菌的遗传综合征的理解。对这些生物的基本生物学的额外知识可能有助于控制农业害虫和/或疾病药物的新方法。