Dissertation Research:Phenotypic Selection on the Timing of Life History Events in Psilocorsis quercicella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) Resulting from Multi-Trophic Interactions

论文研究：多营养相互作用导致的 Psilocorsis quercicella（鳞翅目：Oecophoridae）生活史事件时间的表型选择

• 批准号: 9700887
• 负责人: Robert Marquis
• 金额: $ 0.8万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Saint Louis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-06-01 至 1999-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9700887&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Phenotypic; Selection; Timing

9700887 Marquis The PIs' research will explore how two forces, food quality and parasite attack, act as selective forces influencing the pattern of variation in development time in a population of oak-feeding caterpillars. As such, this study contributes to a basic goal of population biology, elucidating the ecological and selective forces that shape patterns of variation within populations of organisms. The PIs' research is important because few studies have examined how multiple forces interact to produce such patterns in natural population. Within our study population, caterpillars vary considerable in when they begin feeding and how long it takes them to complete development. Caterpillars that feed on low quality leaves may take longer to complete development, increasing their risk of being attacked by their natural enemies, parasitic wasps whose offspring feed on the body of the caterpillar, eventually killing it. Additionally, a caterpillar's risk of being attacked depends on the time during the season during which it develops. By manipulating these two factors (the timing of feeding and the quality of leaves caterpillars feed on), the relationship between each of these factors and the rate of parasitism will be determined. The results of this study will contribute to our understanding of how ecological forces interact to influence timing in the life cycle of insect herbivores. By documenting the consequences associated with feeding at different times or for different durations, this study will provide important evidence regarding the relative importance of plant quality and parasitism as two biological forces impacting natural herbivore populations. In particular, this study will be one of the first to demonstrate that parasitic wasps represent an important selective force influencing the timing of life cycle events of caterpillar populations. Additionally, since these parasitic wasps represent an important selective force for economically important pests, this study will pr ovide data relevant to the success of long-term biological control programs. Such programs have been developed to control outbreaks of economically important pest insects which feed on agricultural products. In contrast to the relatively simple agricultural systems, natural systems are highly complex, often involving multiple parasite species attacking a single herbivore resulting in a decreased likelihood of outbreak. Understanding how natural populations of herbivores are effectively regulated by their parasites is thus critical to control efforts in highly managed agricultural ecosystems.

9700887 Marquis PIS的研究将探讨两种力量，粮食质量和寄生虫攻击如何充当选择性力量，影响进橡木饲养毛毛虫的发展时间的变化模式。 因此，这项研究为人口生物学的基本目标做出了贡献，阐明了生物体中种群中变异模式的生态和选择性力量。 PIS的研究很重要，因为很少有研究研究多力如何相互作用以在自然人群中产生这种模式。 在我们的研究人群中，毛毛虫在开始喂食的时候有很大的不同，以及他们完成发展需要多长时间。 以低品质叶子为食的毛毛虫可能需要更长的时间才能完成发展，从而增加了他们被自然敌人攻击的风险，寄生的黄蜂，其后代以毛毛虫的身体为食，最终杀死了它。 此外，毛毛虫受到攻击的风险取决于其发展的季节时间。 通过操纵这两个因素（喂食的时间和叶子的质量为食），将确定这些因素中的每一个之间的关系与寄生虫的速度之间的关系。 这项研究的结果将有助于我们对生态力量如何相互作用以影响昆虫食草动物生命周期的时间的理解。 通过记录与在不同时间或不同持续时间喂养相关的后果，本研究将提供有关植物质量和寄生虫相对重要性的重要证据，因为两种影响天然草食动物种群的生物力量。 特别是，这项研究将是第一个证明寄生黄蜂代表影响毛毛虫种群生命周期事件的重要选择力的一项研究之一。 此外，由于这些寄生黄蜂代表了经济上重要的害虫的重要选择力，因此这项研究将获得与长期生物控制程序成功有关的数据。 已经开发了此类计划，以控制以农产品为食的经济重要的害虫昆虫的暴发。 与相对简单的农业系统相反，自然系统非常复杂，通常涉及多种寄生虫物种攻击单一草食动物，导致爆发的可能性降低。 因此，了解食草动物的自然种群如何受其寄生虫的有效调节对于控制高度管理的农业生态系统的努力至关重要。