Doctoral Dissertation Research: Status and Power in Social Exchange Networks

博士论文研究：社会交换网络中的地位与权力

• 批准号: 9700766
• 负责人: Michael Lovaglia
• 金额: $ 0.72万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 1998-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9700766&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Status; Power

9700766 Markovsky This Doctoral Dissertation Research project will experimentally test a new theory of power that connects research from two sociological traditions: power and status. This research (i) tests a new theoretical argument that connects Network Exchange Theory (Markovsky et al. 1988, 1993) with the theory of Status Characteristics and Expectation States (Berger et al. 1977; Wagner and Berger 1993) and the theory of Status Value (Berger et al. 1972); (ii) establishes the baseline effect of status information on exchange outcomes for networks having no advantageous position; and (iii) determines if status information is sufficient to negate weak structural advantages that occur in one class of structures. This theory explains how individual traits or status characteristics lead to the development of power in social exchange networks. The argument is that the possessions of high status actors acquire a degree of status value that is independent of any economic or consumatory potential they may otherwise carry. For example, baseballs are valuable but Cal Ripken's baseball confers a unique sense of status value that ultimately stems from his prestige as a player. Thus, this theory predicts that high status creates a sense of status value that attaches to goods controlled by high status actors. exchanges. All experiments are conducted at the Center for the Study of Group Processes at the University of Iowa. Subjects interact via networked PCs, each negotiating to receive a share of the profit pool in each of their network relations. All subjects are first or second year college students and only same-gender subjects were included in a given session. Subjects are assigned randomly to their network positions where they remain for the entire session. First, subjects provide information on their age, gender, education, and high school grade point average. The experimenter then reports predetermined information about each subject's partners. Subjects connected to a "higher status" par tner believe they are working with a 27 year old engineering graduate student with a superior GPA. Those connected to a "lower status" person believes that their partner is a 16 year old high school student with an inferior GPA. Several status undifferentiated tests in which each subject believed they are connected to an equal status partner comparable to the real subject in terms of age, GPA, year in school and academic major are ran. Each subject is then assigned a commodity-colored poker chips-to control in the negotiation phase. Subjects are told they will negotiate with their partners for poker chips, and each will receive chips different from their own in color to help the experimenter keep track of the interactions. Following the status manipulation and chip allocation, subjects begin the negotiation and exchange phase. In each experiment, subjects complete 60 rounds of negotiation, making a maximum of one exchange per round. All are encouraged to gain as many chips as they can for themselves and told that their pay will be determined by the number of poker chips they earned. Data collected will be used to test several statistical models using regression analysis. ****

9700766马尔可夫斯基这个博士学位论文研究项目将在实验上测试一种新的权力理论，该理论将两种社会学传统的研究联系起来：权力和地位。 这项研究（i）测试了一种新的理论论点，该论点将网络交换理论（Markovsky等，1988，1993）与地位特征和期望状态的理论联系起来（Berger等，1977; Wagner and Berger 1993）和地位价值理论（Berger等，1972）； （ii）确定状态信息对没有有利位置的网络的交换结果的基线效应； （iii）确定状态信息是否足以消除一类结构中发生的弱结构优势。该理论解释了单个特征或地位特征如何导致社会交流网络中权力的发展。该论点是，高地位行为者的财产获得了一定程度的地位价值，这些程度独立于他们原本可能带有的任何经济或消费潜力。例如，棒球是有价值的，但是卡尔·里普肯（Cal Ripken）的棒球赋予了独特的地位价值感，最终源于他作为球员的声望。 因此，该理论预测，高地位会产生一种状态价值感，该感受与高地位参与者控制的商品相关。交流。 所有实验均在爱荷华大学的小组过程中心进行。受试者通过网络PC进行交互，每个人都进行谈判，以在每个网络关系中获得利润库的一部分。所有学科都是大学生的第一年或二年级学生，并且在给定的课程中仅包括同性学科。主题被随机分配到其整个会话中保留的网络位置。首先，受试者提供有关其年龄，性别，教育和高中平均成绩的信息。然后，实验者报告了有关每个主题合作伙伴的预定信息。与“更高身份”的受试者认为，他们正在与拥有高级GPA的27岁工程研究生合作。 那些与“较低地位”相关的人认为，他们的伴侣是16岁的高中学生，患有劣等的GPA。 几项状态未分化的测试，其中每个受试者都认为他们与与年龄，GPA，学校年度和学术专业的年龄相媲美的平等地位伙伴有关。然后，在谈判阶段为每个受试者分配了商品色彩的扑克芯片控制。有人告诉他们，他们将与合作伙伴进行扑克筹码协商，每个人都会收到与自己的颜色不同的芯片，以帮助实验者跟踪互动。遵循状态操纵和芯片分配，受试者开始谈判和交换阶段。在每个实验中，受试者完成了60轮谈判，每轮最大交换。鼓励所有人自己获得尽可能多的筹码，并告诉他们的薪水将取决于他们赚取的扑克筹码数量。 收集的数据将用于使用回归分析测试多种统计模型。 ****