Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Institutionalization of Status Roles in Task Groups

博士论文研究：任务组中地位角色的制度化

• 批准号: 9906929
• 负责人: Michael Lovaglia
• 金额: $ 0.65万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-01 至 2002-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9906929&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Institutionalization; Status; Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Institutionalization; Status

Individuals in the disadvantaged category of a social group encounter resistance to influence attempts when they rise to positions of high status in groups. Members of low status groups are expected to maintain their low status, and legitimacy problems arise when a member attains a position higher than that which her social status would indicate. Legitimacy theories attempt to explain the processes by which individuals in the disadvantaged class of a social group. Through increased legitimacy may overcome resistance to influence attempts when they rise to high status leadership positions. However, when individuals with the low state of a culturally evaluated characteristic (e.g. females in mixed-sex groups) attain high status positions on a legitimate basis, problems still may arise. Results indicate that these individuals may possess personal evaluations comparable to those of leaders with the high state of the characteristic, but that the group structure itself may be seen as illegitimate. Institutional theory will be incorporated with legitimacy theories and expectation states and status characteristics theories to address these issues. The investigators argue that when a member in the disadvantaged category of a social group rises to a position of high status, institutionalization of the group structure, as well as legitimacy of leader appointment, are necessary for the structure o inequality itself, as well as the leader's position in the structure, to be viewed as legitimate. This Doctoral Dissertation Improvement research tests theoretically derived hypotheses regarding the legitimacy of leader appointment and institutionalization of the group structure. Specifically, experiments will be designed to test three hypotheses: (1) When working on a gender-neutral task, female group leaders not legitimately appointed to their position will receive lower evaluations for their own performances and for the groups they lead than will male leaders also not legitimately appointed; (2) When working on a gender-neutral task, female group leaders legitimately appointed to their position will receive evaluations for their own performances that are just as high as those of legitimately appointed male leaders, but will have the groups they lead evaluated as less effective; and (3) Female group leaders who have attained their position on a legitimate basis in an institutionalized group structure will receive evaluations for their own performances, and for those of their groups, that are just as high as those received by otherwise comparable male leaders also legitimately attaining leadership roles in institutionalized structures. Data will be collected through having both male and female undergraduate students complete a series of laboratory experiment.

社会群体中处于弱势范围的个人遇到抵抗，以影响企图，当他们升至群体中高地位的位置时。 较低地位群体的成员预计将保持其低地位，并且当成员达到高于她的社会地位所指示的职位时，就会出现合法性问题。 合法性理论试图解释社会群体中处于不利地位的个人中的个人。通过增加的合法性，当他们上升到高地位领导地位时，可能会克服对尝试的抵抗。 但是，当具有文化评估的特征状态较低的人（例如，混合性群体中的女性）在合法的基础上达到高地位地位时，可能仍会出现问题。 结果表明，这些人可能具有与具有高度特征状态的领导者相媲美的个人评估，但是群体结构本身可能被视为非法。 制度理论将与合法性理论和期望状态和地位特征理论一起纳入解决这些问题。调查人员认为，当社会群体的弱势阶层成员上升到高地位的地位时，群体结构的制度化以及领导者任命的合法性对于结构的不平等本身以及领导者在结构中的地位是必不可少的，必须将其视为合法。这项博士学位论文改进研究检验理论上提出了有关领导者任命和团体制度化合法性的假设。 具体而言，将设计实验来检验以下三个假设：（1）在执行性别中性任务时，不合法任命担任职务的女性团体领导者对自己的表现和领导的群体的评估较低，而不是男性领导者也不合法地任命男性领导者； （2）在执行性别中立的任务时，合法任命担任职务的女性团体领导人将对自己的表现进行评估，这些表现与合法任命的男性领导者一样高，但将使他们领导的群体评估为效率较低； （3）在制度化的群体结构中以合法的基础达到职位的女性团体领导者将对自己的表现进行评估，以及对自己的群体的表现，这些群体与原本可比的男性领导人所接受的群体一样高。 数据将通过让男性和女性本科生完成一系列实验室实验来收集数据。