Gene Flow and Species Diversity in Deep-Sea Hydothermal Vent Communities

深海热液喷口群落的基因流和物种多样性

• 批准号: 9633131
• 负责人: Robert Vrijenhoek
• 金额: $ 36.5万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-15 至 1999-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9633131&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Gene; Flow; Species; Diversity; Deep

9633131 Vrijenhoek Funding is requested for genetic studies of organisms associated with mid-ocean ridge systems and cognate environments in the deep sea. The primary objectives of the study are: (1) to examine spatial and temporal effects of fast- versus slow-spreading ridge axes on intraspecific phylogeography, patterns of dispersal, and rates of gene flow; and (2) to continue our studies of evolutionary relationships among organisms from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cognate communities in other reducing environments (e.g., cold-water sulfide/methane seeps, whale fall, etc.). As a result of previous oceanic expeditions, an extensive collection of frozen specimens from fast-spreading ridge systems in the eastern Pacific already exists at Rutgers University. These organisms have been the focus of ongoing studies of gene flow and patterns of dispersal. To test the hypothesis that the spreading rate of a ridge system plays a dominant role in shaping ecological and evolutionary processes, comparative studies will be conducted with organisms from a slow-spreading system (the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and a super fast-spreading system (the southern East Pacific Rise). Additionally, ongoing molecular systematic studies of vent and seep bivalve mollusks will be continued, as many new populations and new morphospecies have been described during the last several years. Some of the vesicomyid clam species, in particular, appear to wide distributions that span oceanic basins and terrestrial barriers to dispersal. As the goal of these studies is to obtain multi-locus genealogical information for population level and phylogenetic analyses, a variety of genetic techniques are employ ed (e.g., allozymes, restriction analysis of mitochondrial DNA and anonymous nuclear DNAs, and sequencing of PCR amplified genes). Partial use of an automated sequencing facility is available to the principal investigators. These proposed studies will provide a comprehensive picture of ecological, geological, and evolutionary processes affecting the dominant species that live in these unusual abyssal environments. Present research already has produced molecular markers that are of broad use for students of invertebrate systematics and population genetics. The biodiversity aspects of this research have been recognized with a supplementary award (NIH) to facilitate materials and technology transfer to parties interested in marine natural products discovery.

9633131 Vrijenhoek 请求资金用于与洋中脊系统和深海同源环境相关的生物体的遗传学研究。该研究的主要目标是：（1）检查快速与慢速传播的脊轴对种内系统发育地理学、传播模式和基因流速率的空间和时间影响； （2）继续研究深海热液喷口生物与其他还原环境（例如冷水硫化物/甲烷渗漏、鲸落等）中的同源群落之间的进化关系。由于之前的海洋探险，罗格斯大学已经收集了来自东太平洋快速扩张的海脊系统的大量冷冻标本。这些生物体一直是正在进行的基因流和传播模式研究的焦点。为了检验山脊系统的传播速度在塑造生态和进化过程中起主导作用的假设，将对来自缓慢传播系统（大西洋中脊）和超快速传播系统的生物体进行比较研究（东太平洋海隆南部）。此外，由于过去几年中描述了许多新种群和新形态种，因此将继续对通风口和渗流双壳类软体动物进行分子系统研究。特别是一些囊蛤科物种似乎分布广泛，跨越海洋盆地和陆地传播障碍。由于这些研究的目标是获得用于群体水平和系统发育分析的多位点谱系信息，因此采用了多种遗传技术（例如等位酶、线粒体 DNA 和匿名核 DNA 的限制性分析以及 PCR 扩增基因的测序） ）。主要研究人员可以部分使用自动测序设备。这些拟议的研究将提供影响生活在这些不寻常的深海环境中的优势物种的生态、地质和进化过程的全面图景。目前的研究已经产生了对无脊椎动物系统学和群体遗传学学生广泛使用的分子标记。这项研究的生物多样性方面已获得补充奖（NIH）的认可，以促进向对海洋天然产品发现感兴趣的各方转让材料和技术。